228 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA MQ. Arctium. 



small, stem- clasping leaves. Fl. large, handsome, brilliant 



sl^y-blue. Cylinder of the anthers striped blue, and white. 



The Is. blanched, a salad in spring, and the roots niay be eaten 

 at table. This plant different from Garden Endive, Cich. Endi- 

 via. Roof roasted, a substitute for coffee in some parts of Ger- 

 many, said, when dried, to have served to make bread. The 

 herb in a cultivated state, excellent early fodder for horses and 

 cows. 



Flowers found white, but rarely. 



* * Florets all tubular, with afire-cleft spreading limb ; a natural 

 order. 



'ARCTIUM. Burdock.' 



A. Lappa.^ Common B. or Clot-bur. Leaves stalked, 

 heart-shaped, wavy, without prickles. Calyx when in 

 seed nearly smooth. E. B. 1228. C.4 . 55. Bar- 

 dana major. G. E. 809. 



Waste ground, way sides, dunghills. 



Bien. July. 



Plant branched, spreading. Stem erect. Ls. on hollow foot- 

 stalks, very large, when full-sized. Fl. numerous, nearly stalk- 

 less, purple. Cal. of numerous narrow scales, each tipped with 

 an incurved hook, by means of which the whole calyx, laden 

 with ripe seeds^ easily separating from its stalk, adheres to 

 clothes or tlie coats of animals, a curious provision by which 

 the seeds are dispersed, the calyx being rubbed to pieces by 

 the animals attempting to remove the encumbrance. Recept. 

 bristly. Cor. tube white, bordered. Anth. bluish purple. 

 Root and stalks eatable, and nutritive : the stalks should be cut 



before the plant flowers, the rind peeled off, and then boiled ; or 



they may be eaten raw as a salad. Lightfoot. Decoction of the 



roots a good substitute for that of Sarsaparilla. Has been given in 



success in dropsy. Seeds food for birds : recommended to fatten 



poultry. C. 



A. Bardana- Woolly-headed B. Leaves stalked, 

 heart-shaped, nearly entire and even, without prickles. 

 Calyx when in seed cottony. E. B. 2478. 



Waste ground, way sides, rubbish. (Bagley Wood. Bx.^ Lane 

 leading from Bullingdon Green to Cheney Lane, nearly opposite 

 the windmill. Bx. 



Bien. July, August. 



Like the foregoing in size and habit. Is. less waved, (undulated) 

 more downy beneath. Stem of a dull red. Cal. globose. Sm. 

 This species raised from seed is found constant. Willd. Blos- 

 som purple. 



I Ang.-Sax. 



> From labein, Gr. (to seize :) from its taking hold of soft clothes, &c. 

 Mixta tenax segeti crescere lappa solet. Ovid. 



