232 SYNGENESIA POL YG AMI A JEQ. Cnicus. 



Cultivated fields, way sides, very common, troublesome weed. 



Per. Jtily. 



Root deeply creeping, very tenacious of life. Stem panicled, solid, 



angular, smooth, three or four f. Fl. palish purple, sometimes 



white. 



The burnt plant yields good ashes for glass-making. Ray. 

 The down, a useful ingredient in paper making. JVitli. 



Cn. eriophorus. Woolly -headed P. T, Leaves stalk- 

 less, wing-cleft, with two-ranked, thorny segments ; 

 bristly above. Calyx globular, densely woolly, leafy at 

 the base. Carduus eriophorus. E. B. 386. Sb. 

 246. C. eriocephalus. G. E. 1152. 



Dry pastures, road sides. 



Bien. July. 



Stem three f. or more, erect, much branched, many angled, hairy. 

 Ls. with two ranks of oblong, straddling segments, alternately 

 pointing upwards and downwards, and armed with very strong 

 thorns. Upper side of leaves rough : under, cottony, i^/. soli- 

 tary, terminal, erect, very large, six or eight inches in circum- 

 ference. Cal.-scales mostly terminating in a linear, blunt, leafy 

 appendage, fringed, thorny. Fl. sometimes white. Ls. lower 

 spreading on the ground, often two feet long. Cal. as long as 

 an e^g. 

 Recept. eatable like the artichoke. 



Cn. pratensis. Meadow P. T. Leaves stalkless, spear- 

 shaped, wavy or lobed, fringed with unequal prickles ; 

 loosely cottony beneath. Stem downy, slightly leafy, 

 single flowered. Calyx cottony, with tapering, small 

 scales, closely tiled. Carduus pratensis. E. B. 177' 

 Sb. 246. Cirsium anglicum. G. E. 1183. C. mon- 

 tanum anglicum. G. E. 1183. f. 5. 



Low, wet pastures, meadows. 



Per. June. 



Root fibrous, creeping. Stem slightly furrowed, one to two f. 

 Lower Is. somewhat cut. Differs from Cn. heterophyllus by the 

 leaves not being woolly underneath, but downy. Generally 

 one flower, and two stem-leaves, half embracing the stem. FL 

 red. Antli. with five horny, yellow, spear-shaped points. 



Cn. acauUs. Dwarf P. T. Stalks immediately from the 

 root, single-flowered, shorter tlian the smooth calyx. 

 Carduus acaulis. E. B. l6l. Carlina acaulos minor, 

 flore purpureo. G. E. 1158. 



Pastures, meadoii's. 



Per. July. 



Ls, wide-spreading, depressed close to the ground, smooth, shining. 



