284 MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. Corylus. 



rugged and dark, when old. Branches elegantly drooping. Ls. 



alternate, stalked. The foliage in autunui of a full yellow. 



There is a var. with more drooping branches. 



This a very hardy tree. Wood firm, tough, white. The 

 slender twigs formed into brooms and rods : or as Mr. Light- 

 foot expresses it : " answer the purposes of cleanliness, and 

 correction." The leaves dye yellow. Hats, surtouts, and cups 

 made of the bark, in the North of Europe, also shoes, cover- 

 ings for houses, torches, A hole bored in the tree in spring, 

 exudes a sweet sap, which properly fermented, with sugar added, 

 forms a pleasant wine. Bark may be used for tanning, and for 

 rope -making. Canoes made of it. The inner bark anciently used 

 to write upon. The knotty excrescences a beautifully veined 

 wood. Lightfoot in Fl. Scot., recommends Birch-wine as a sub- 

 stitute for the " poisonous whiskey," and subjoins a receipt for the 

 wine. Horse harness made of the twisted boughs of the birch in 

 some parts of the Scotch Highlands. Garnett. 



CA'RPINUS. Hornbeam/ 

 * C. Betulus. Common H. Bracteas of the fruit flat, 

 oblong, saw-toothed, with two side lobes. E. B. 2032. 

 Betulus sive Carpinus. G. E. 1479. 



Woods, hedges. 



Tree. May. 



A low, I'igid, elm-like tree. Sm. 



CO'RYLUS. Hazel-nut. 

 C. Avellana. Common H. or Stock-nut. Stipulas 

 egg-shaped, blunt. Leaves roundish, heart-shaped, 

 pointed. Young branches hairy. Calyx of the fruit 

 bell-shaped, torn at the edge, shorter than its nut. 

 E. B. 723. H. L. I7. C. sylvestris. G. E. 1438. 

 Hedges, copses. 

 Small ti-ee. 3Iarch. 



Ls. produced after the iiowers, doubly saw-toothed, veiny. The 

 catkins fall off entire. Styles vivid crimson, twelve or fourteen. 

 Makes good charcoal. Regular revenue raised from nut-woods, 

 cut every sixteen years : freeholders of £15. or £'20. per annum, 

 make regularly £'60. a-year by their nut-woods. (^fVith.) The 

 wood for fishing-rods, hoops ; the shoots for springles to fasten 

 down thatch, and for hurdles Chips of hazel put into turbid wine 

 to clear it. Twigs of hazel, twisted together, so as to be full of 

 chinks, and steeped in ale during its fermentation, then hung up 

 to dry, put into wort, instead of yeast. An oil from the nuts, used 

 by painters. The dirining rod, for the supposed discovery of 

 water-springs, and metal, taken from the young forked twigs. See 



' Ftom the hardness of the wood. 



