296 DIOECIA -OCTANDRIA. Populus. 



Its climbing twigs, vine-like leaves, and clustered, and catkined 

 flowers ornamental. The use of the catldns of the hop in beer, 

 first introduced in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and then 

 considered as an adulteration of the liquor. Coveiing hop-grounds 

 with stones recommended to prevent the breed of insects, (aphides) 

 upon them. The young shoots eaten in the spring. Cloth, and 

 paper, may be made from the stalks, steeped in water and beaten. 

 The plant will dye wool yellow. 



Tinct. and extract of hops, mild opiates. Pillow of hops said 

 to have the same opiate eifect. Linn, in Sp. PL puts this strange 

 question under H. Lupulus : what is that electric murmur, like 

 very distant thunder, when the wind agitates the hop-poles ? Seeds 

 used in constipation. F7. Suec. 



DIOECIA HEXANDRIA, 



' TAMUS. Black Bryony. 



T. communis. Common B. Leaves heart-shaped, undi- 

 vided, acute. E. B. 91. Bryonia nigra. G. E. 87I. 



Hedges, thickets, groves, woods. 



Per. June. 



Root blackish outwardly. Stems slender, long, twining, though 

 without tendrils. Ls. dark green, variable in shape, from 

 kidney, to heart-spear, and triangular-spear-shaped,, and to 

 halbert-shaped. Fl. greenish. Berries red. 

 The tawny leaves, and red berries, a decoration to our hedges, 



in autumn. Root acrid, formerly used as a stimulating plaster. 



The young shoots eaten as asparagus. 



DIOECIA OCTANDRIA: 



POTULUS. Poplar. 



P. alha. White P. Abele-tree. Leaves lobed and 

 toothed ; somewhat heart-shaped at the base ; snow- 

 white and densely downy beneath. Fertile catkins 

 e2:g-shaped. Stigmas four. E. B. I6I8. G. E. 

 1486. 



Moist woods. * ■ 



Tall ti-ee. 3farek. 



J?ooi creeping, with abundance of suckers. Bark smooth : branches 



1 See Sm. Introd. Botany, p, 482. 



