118 BRITISH SPONGES: 



hie recensebo, quae distinctos exhibuerant characteres quasqiie 

 ex multis visis exemplaribus constantes esse intellexi." Elench. 

 p. 377 ; 2d, because the structure of Sp. papillaris is stated to 

 be similar to that of Sp. oculata, the H. oculata of this work ; 

 and 3d, because Sp. papillaris is a native of the American 

 seas, for although the same sponge may inhabit the shores of 

 Britain and America, yet experience has shown it to be more 

 likely that the species, however nearly related, are really dis- 

 tinct. Each species even of the shapeless sponges has a local 

 existence, and seems to have been originally produced only in 

 one spot. See Prichard on the Physical History of Mankind, 

 Vol. i. p. 51—3. 2d edit. Lond. 1826. 



Lamouroux was the first to point out the confusion in which 

 Lamarck has involved this species, — a confusion which has 

 been rather increased than otherwise by the editors of the last 

 edition. Certainly Spongia panicea of Jasper, Spong. tab. 

 18, fig. 1, 2, is not a synonyme of it, but apparently a species 

 of Grantia. Probably, however, Esper's Spongia papilla- 

 ris, Spong. pi. 2, fig. I, 2, is one of its varieties ; as is also 

 apparently his Alcyonium tuberculosum, Alcyon. p. 68, 

 tab. 23, fig. 1,2; and I have no hesitation in regarding his Al- 

 cyonium TUBULOSUM, p. 40, tab. 11, fig. 1, 2, as founded on 

 that state of H. panicea produced by its surrounding the stalk 

 of the Laminaria, when it forms a long tubular pipe on being 

 withdrawn from the stalk, which can easily be done after the 

 specimen is dried. 



Linnaeus' description of Alcyonium manus diaboli seems to 

 me very applicable to H. panicea in that state which Sowerby 

 described as Spongia compacta. " Habitat in Islandia. J. G. 

 Konig. Corpus molle instar pulpae siccatse Lycoperdi, extus laeve, 

 superne protuberans digitis aliquot brevibus, obtusis, perforatis 



apice tamquam penna, ad medium usque rami." We must 



take care, however, not to confound this with the Alcyonium 



