142 BRITISH SPONGES: 



occupying the shells of Fusi, &c. in which the lip was in its 

 usual state." — Phil. Trans, an. 1833, p. 797. 



Lamarck has quoted, though with doubt, the figures in Esper's 

 Alcyon. pi. 12, for representations of his Alcyonium domuncula ; 

 and, with the mark of equal doubt, he has again quoted them 

 for his Alcyonium compactum. This confusion has been avoided 

 by Lamouroux, who, perceiving that the figures in Esper's 

 plates 12 and 13 represented the same species, has properly 

 quoted them all for Al. compactum. The change of Esper's 

 name was, however, very imnecessary, and perhaps the species 

 should still be called Halichondria bulbosa, but I have preferred 

 the English natm*alist's nomenclature since it is free of doubt, 

 and unencumbered with misquotations. 



Mr Thompson informs me that Jonston in his " Historia 

 Naturalis," bk. 4, tab. xx. gives figures of this sponge, ap- 

 parently copied from Aldrovandus, One of them shows a Pa- 

 gurus displaying itself from the aperture ; and in two of the 

 figures the point of a Turritella protruding discloses the shell 

 that has been the base and nucleus of the sponge. It is men- 

 tioned also by Linnaeus under his description of the Cancer Ere- 

 mita : — •' Habitat in M. Italico intra tophum suherosmn, subro- 

 tundum apertura transversa ovali, in cujus centre cochlea lati- 

 tat." Syst. 1050. 



32. H. MAMMiLLARis, «;?^o;p7^o^« andcompact, the surface 

 studded icith erect flexible spongy tubular processes ; spicula 

 fusiform, acute at both ends. 



Plate XVI. Fig. 2. 



Spongia mammillaris, Mull. Zool. Dan. iv. 44, tab. clviii. fig. 3, 4. 



Lamour. Cor. Flex. 59. Corall. 173. Thompson in Ann. Nat. 



Hist. V. 254. 

 Spongia Penicillus, Montagu m Wern. Mem. ii. 93, pi. 13, fig. 7. 



Flem. Brit. Anim. 526. Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471. 



