GRANTIA. 179 



Sp. complicata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 97, pi. 9. fig. 2, 3. 



Gray, Brit. PI. i. 358. Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 1 69. 

 Spongia confervicola, Templetoii in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470, fig. 67. 

 Scypha botryoides, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 357. 

 Grantia botryoides, Flem- Brit Anim. 525. Johnston in Trans. 



Newc. Soc. ii. 270. Bellamy's S. Devon, 268. 

 Caleispongia botryoides, JBlainv. Actinol. 531. 



Hab. On the under surface of stones and, more abundantly, 

 on the smaller Fuci and Confervae, between tide-marks : very 

 common on the shores of Ireland, Scotland, and the north of 

 England, but as Montagu had never gathered it, the presump- 

 tion is that it is rare in the south. Ellis's specimen was got 

 " in the harbour near Emsworth, between Sussex and Hamp- 

 shire." 



Sponge very variously, but always irregularly branched, de- 

 licate, white, of a close texture, without visible pores on the 

 surface, which, under the magnifier, appears somewhat villous ; 

 the orifices teraiinal, even and unarmed. It varies infinitely in 

 its mode of ramification : the branches are sometimes short, 

 ovate and clustered, or spreading and laid close to the body on 

 which they grow : at other times they are about an inch in 

 height, erect, cylindrical and tubular ; sometimes they are 

 flattish and fimbriated or almost pinnate, and in other speci- 

 mens the branches inosculate in an irregular manner ; but the 

 most abnormal of its states is when it grows on the under sur- 

 face of aflat stone, for then it creeps and ramifies in slender fili- 

 form branches like a conferva, inosculating irregularly, and 

 throwing up at intervals single tubular eUiptical processes. It 

 reminds one, in this state, of the analogous growth of some 

 agarics which, when prevented by the pressure of any super- 

 incumbent body from growing in their usual manner, will ger- 

 minate and evolve a white fcatheiy. byssus-like production, 

 which some botanists have described under the name of Iliman- 

 tia. All the spicula are triradiate, the forks acutely pointed. 



