BLOCK ISLAND. 63 



Photographic views of four of the most interesting localities 

 mentioned were taken from which the accompanying plates 

 were reproduced : 



Plate V. Contorted bowlder clay, south shore, Mohegan Bluffs, looking west, 

 about three-quarters of a mile east of Black Rock Point. Variegated (Cretaceous) 

 plastic clay beneath, in the distance, at extreme left. 

 Dip of the latter, 60 N. W.; Strike, N. 38 E. and 50 N. W.; N. lo E. 



Plate VI. View of a portion of the latter exposure, looking east, showing con- 

 tortions of the bowlder clay. 



Pl.ate VII. White (Cretaceous) plastic clay and sand, overlain with Drift, east 

 shore, Ball's Point, Clay Head. 

 Dip, 35 N.; Strike, E. and W. 



Plate VII I. Lignitic and white (Cretaceous) plastic clay, overlain with Drift, east 

 shore, near Mineral Spring, about half a mile north of Old Harbor Point. 

 Dip, 44 N. E.; Strike, E. 20 S. 



II. BOTANY. 



Preliminary Remarks. 



Although engaged primarily in geological investigations, 

 many notes on the vegetation of the island were incidentally 

 gathered and its connection with the geological features noted. 

 In fact, the study of the flora of any region, particularly that of 

 a restricted one such as an island, is now recognized as being 

 often of the highest importance when considered in connection 

 with the geology, the facts in one often leading to an interpre- 

 tation of otherwise puzzling problems in the other. 



The first essential in such an investigation is to obtain a 

 broad general idea of the vegetation, and for this purpose as 

 complete a list of the plants as possible is necessary, with notes 

 on the relative abundance or scarcity of each species, so that 

 not only may the extent of the existing flora be seen at a glance, 

 but any striking lacunae be at once noted. 



Mr. W. W. Bailey's '' Notes on the Flora of Block Island"^ 

 was made my basis for determining what had been previously 

 recorded on the subject, and with his list constantly by me it 

 was an easy matter, while w^andering over the island, to refer to 

 it and ascertain whether any species in question had been noted 



^Bull. Torrey. Bot. Club, xx. (June, 1893), 227-239. 



