RECORDS 159 



barren chamber. The larv^ae were placed in the latter and 

 found their way through the opening to the food-chamber. 

 Apparently they never learned the path to the food, but always 

 wandered aimlessly about and never shortened their paths to 

 the food. When the food was removed, however, they rarely 

 entered this side of the box, showing that it was the presence 

 of food which attracted them. Individual temperament is very 

 well shown by the larvae, for some quickly find the food, while 

 others are much slower. This quickness is not due to superior 

 intelligence, however, but is owing to the fact that these larvae 

 remain quiet for shorter periods of time than the slower ones. 

 A number of experiments was made upon larvae which devour 

 only certain special kinds of leaves. These larvae can be in- 

 duced to eat sparingly of previously uneatable food, however, 

 if the sap of their proper food plant be rubbed into the pre-* 

 viously distasteful leaves. Similarly they can be prevented 

 from devouring their proper food plant if the juices of uneatable 

 plants be rubbed into the substance of the leaves. However, 

 they can always be induced to bite at or devour any foreign 

 substance if one allows the larva to commence eating its proper 

 food plant and then slides up in front of it a distasteful leaf, 

 sheet of paper, tinfoil, etc. The larva will take a few bites of 

 the foreign substance but will soon draw back its head, snapping 

 its mandibles with apparent disgust or aversion. Very soon, 

 however, it recommences to devour its proper food in a normal 

 manner. If the foreign substance or distasteful leaf be presented 

 to the larva at intervals of one and one-half minutes or more, 

 about the same number of bites is taken at each presentation, 

 thus showing that the larva does not remember its disagreeable 

 experience for the interval. If, however, the interval be about 

 thirty seconds the larvae will take fewer and fewer bites of the 

 disagreeable leaf, and will soon refuse it altogether. Individual 

 temperament is very apparent in the reaction of larvae in these 

 respects. Also when spinning their cocoons the larvae of Saniia 

 cyjithia and C. prometJiea are geotropic, for if the cocoon be 

 turned upside down soon after the completion of the outer en- 

 velope, the pupae are sometimes found reversed also, and may 



