1921] JEFFREY & TORREY—HERBACEOUS ANGIOSPERMS 4 
by one of us (4), however, that the herbaceous Cryptogams are 
distinctly the result of degenerative changes in the older and 
ancestral forms. The herbaceous type in the Angiosperms, as will 
be pointed out in the sequel, has had an entirely different mode 
of origin from that illustrated by many existing herbaceous 
Cryptogams. 
Nearly a decade ago EAMeEs (2), ina publication from this labora- 
tory, made a comparative study of the herbaceous type, which 
was particularly focussed on the Rosaceae, since this group presents 
in relative abundance closely related forms of woody and herbaceous 
texture. This investigator concluded that there is clear evidence 
in the Rosaceae for the origin of herbaceous stems from woody, as 
a consequence of the formation of large storage rays in relation to 
the incoming foliar traces. These rays usually extend some distance 
below the foliar trace, and also may be developed above it. In the 
horizontal aspect of the axis, in the region of the node of stems with 
a well developed fibrovascular cylinder, the storage parenchyma 
related to the leaf traces can be seen subtending them externally. 
The development of these masses of storage tissues in woody stems 
and in correlation to the vascular supply of the leaves (since the 
masses in question not only subtend the foliar traces vertically 
but, in cylinders of any thickness, likewise in the radial dimension 
as well) automatically results in the transformation of the continu- 
ous dicotyledonous woody cylinder (ultimately at any rate) into 
a circular series of discontinuous fibrovascular segments, the fibro- 
vascular bundles so characteristic of herbaceous stems. Accom- 
panying the development of the large foliar rays, as pointed out by 
EamEs, is the final degeneracy of the rays of moderate size, which 
are normally characteristic of the woody cylinder of arboreal 
Angiosperms. 
In an article published a few years later, Sinnott and BAILEy (5) 
attack Eames’s conclusions, and while admitting the derivation of 
herbaceous forms from arboreal or woody, they question the 
existence of foliar rays subtending the foliar traces vertically and 
horizontally. They admit the frequent presence of foliar rays in 
the subterranean stem of herbs, but deny that this has any bearing 
on the question of the origin of the herbaceous type. They 
