34 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
germination proceeded. Germination was accompanied by a 
decrease of stored fats and an increase of sugar. Although the 
details varied somewhat, both seeds passed through a period of 
preparation for germination. 
Material and preliminary study 
The Juniperus plants are erect or prostrate dioecious Cupresseae 
distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. They are used in 
landscape decoration, serving as hedges and screens up to 30 ft. 
high. In early spring the flowers appear in the leaf axils, forming 
many carpel whorls, of which only the upper one develops. This 
whorl bears 3 ovules, which grow together and form a spherical 
fruit, which requires two years to ripen, and contains 1-3 seeds. 
TABLE I 
MATERIAL SECURED 
Species Lot Date Place 
J. virginiana L, ....... 1 | November 11, 1918 | West Newberry, Massachusetts 
EG gh Pursh. . 2| January’ 1, 1919 | Boxford, Massachusetts 
J. co iA. 3 | January ‘1, 1919 
J. prostrata Pres. ...... 4 | January 1, 1919 Ale 
J. virgini (ES 7 peey  E, 
1, CO 5 6 | April 19, 1919 eas Chee, Iiinois 
J. virginiana L. .......| 7 | April I Near Chicago, Illinois 
J. communis L........ 8 | September 19, 1919 | Near Chicago, Illinois 
J. Virgarane fy 5 pcs “9 Ge seested 19, 1919 | Near Chicago, Illinois 
Juniperus seeds were gathered in the fruit condition, and those 
used in these experiments were collected as stated in table I. 
The seeds freed from the fruit vary with the species as to color, 
shape, size, and quality. Those of J. virginiana are light brown’ 
smooth, brittle, 3-4mm. long, and when air-dry weigh about 
0.009 gm. each. Seeds of J. c. depressa, J. communis, and J. pra- 
strata are much alike. These seeds are dark amber, rough, 4-6 mm. 
long, narrower and less brittle than those of J. virginiana. Some 
of the J. virginiana material proved to be badly worm eaten, while 
the other lots were quite free from worms. Seeds collected in 
Vermont were generally good. Table II gives the percentage of 
bad seeds due to worms and lack of development. 
