80 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
in her cultures and obtained ‘“apogamous outgrowths” in that species 
also.—J. M. C 
Peat soils.—In a discussion of the agricultural possibilities of the vast 
peat areas of Minnesota, estimated at 7,000,000 acres, ALWAy’s has shown the 
close relationship between agricultural and ecological problems. There is a 
general discussion of peat soils, a synopsis of the history of peat-land control 
in Europe, and a review of the literature. The two systems of control dis- 
cussed are those by chemical treatment and those by burning. Toxic sub- 
stances in the peat and in the substratum are also considered.—Geo. D. 
FULLER 
Ultra-violet light and yeast—FrvER and TANNER" have studied the effect 
of ultra-violet light on 30 different species, strains, and varieties of yeastlike 
fungi, and conclude that these organisms are not very resistant to ultra-violet 
light, and that this might be used in controlling developing yeast in the indus- 
tries. Further quantitative work is under way.—W. CROCKER. 
A non-absorbing atmometer mounting.—LivincsToN and THONE* have 
devised a new and much simplified mounting for porous cup atmometers 
which prevents absorption during periods of precipitation. The necessary 
valve is constructed in a simple straight glass tube by the use of a piece of 
mineral wool and a drop of mercury.—GeEo. D. FULLER. 
Internal stomata.—BERGMAN,” having observed stomata in the endocarp 
of the cultivated cranberry, extended his observations to numerous ericads, 
finding internal stomata in a number of them. Experiments indicated that 
they had not retained their ability to function, and the general apg is 
advanced that they are relics retained by a “modified leaf.”—J. M 
%3 Atway, F.J., Agricultural value and reclamation ae seas peat soils. 
Univ. Minn. ae Exper. Sta. Bull. 188. pp. 136. figs. 54. 
4 Fever, B., and TANNER, F.R., The action of chaste light on the yeast- 
like fungi. Tone. Ind. Eng. Chem. 12:740, 741. 1920. 
5 Livincston, B. E., and Taonr, Frank, A simplified non-absorbing mounting 
for porous porcelain atmometers. Science N.S. 52:85-87. 1920. 
6 BeroMAN, H. F., Internal stomata in ericaceous and other unrelated fruits. 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 47:213-221. figs. 9. 1920. 
