214 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MARCH 
selfed carpellate plants are carpellate or prevailingly carpellate, 
and the offspring of staminate plants are staminate or prevailingly 
staminate. This condition is probably what should be expected 
if the seedlings are grown in the same environment as the parents. 
It would be interesting to know whether this condition could be 
modified by raising the seedlings in a fundamentally different 
environment. The writer knows from experience, however, that 
Mercurialis is a much less satisfactory plant for study than hemp, 
because of its minute flowers, less prominent dimorphism, difficulty 
of gathering seed, etc. Yamporsky (8) also found flowers with 
confused sexual expression much like what is reported in this paper 
for hemp. He rightly concludes that ‘‘a factorial hypothesis of 
sex cannot explain these results,” that is, the periodic alternation of 
sex in the course of the plant’s development. 
I have already shown (3) the significance of the change in the 
sexual state of a bisporangiate flower, taking as examples the 
cones of a Selaginella and the flowers of a Bromus, and showing 
that the establishment of the sexual state in the organs involved 
had nothing to do with a Mendelian segregation depending on 
the synapsis and segregation of chromosomes. 
Stout (6) has made a study of intersexuality in Plantago 
lanceolata, and found that there is a wide range of variation in the 
degree in which maleness is expressed. He also found that female- 
ness varies in the degree of its expression. 
Davey and Grpson (1) found that the changes in the sexual 
state, which they studied in Myrica Gale, were in some way associ- 
ated with environmental conditions. The relative proportion of 
carpellate plants was found to be greater in the wet than in the 
ry areas. Myrica Cale would probably be a desirable perennial 
species for experiments on the environmental control of the sexual 
state, as the hemp is for a short-lived annual. 
The writer (4), while studying the intermediate plants of 
Morus alba, found a staminate tree that had one large reversed 
lateral branch and a second small one at the top. These branches 
were bearing fruit, but although they were decidedly carpellate, 
they were so only to a degree, for both were still producing staminate 
catkins. The seeds of this fruit were perfectly normal, and the 
