84 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
(Larix sp.) in the lower portion of the stratum; while those of 
maple (Acer sp.), ash (Fraxinus sp.), and elm (Ulmus sp.) are 
found in the forest litter nearer the surface. The degree of natural 
drainage which established itself in time on the surface layers of 
this deposit determined, probably in large part, the character of 
the succeeding vegetation cover. Deciduous trees such as the red 
U/ ares ape eee 
SJ eB 9) Hef ere ay ? ee 
Ug, : MSE st | >| 
1203 
Se * 
GA 
h (é) ' 
22 e . 
) Vy 
r) (6) 1 
[0 O ‘ 
Vi MILNES, = 
: Ci 
\ e 
Cy 
Z£ 
Fic. 11.—Location of peat deposit near Mantua, Portage County, ee and of 
sounding on lot no. g illustrated in fig. 12; scale, 1 inch=1 mile (2.5 cm. = ) 
maple, black ash, and elm are still the dominant trees in the present 
surface vegetation of this tract of peat-land. Here again it is 
obvious that much is not yet clear about the major changes of 
climate until quite recent times, and that more extended and more 
critical field studies are required upon northern deposits which 
admit of ready comparison with the older peat accumulations. | 
These questions of climatic changes from the later glacial sub- 
