1921] PACK—JUNIPER SEEDS 149 
nation very probably gave rise to sugars and acids or were respired. 
The pentose reactions indicate the rebuilding of proteins with 
carbohydrate groups. During the germination and seedling devel- 
opment the proteins were hydrolyzed to give rise to the amino 
acids and nitrogenous compounds of F., with the formation of some 
carbohydrates. From the amount of starch (table IV) and sugars 
(table III) appearing in the seedlings and the carbohydrates 
required for cellulose structure, it is evident that not only the 
proteins but still more the fats contribute to the formation of these 
materials. From the constant quantity of nitrogen in the analysis 
and the fact that no nitrogen compounds were added, it is evident 
that the chlorophyll nitrogen was derived from other nitrogenous 
compounds. 
Summary 
A review of these results, together with the changes reported 
in the previous paper (17), give an idea of the many changes 
accompanying the after-ripening of dormant organs. These 
changes are represented by the accumulation of cell building 
materials: acids, phosphatides, active reducing substances, soluble 
sugars, pentoses, amino acids, soluble proteins, and other nitro- 
genous compounds; the accumulation of enzymes; the dispersion 
of materials; and the transformation of storage materials. This 
rapid accumulation of simple plastic cell materials coupled with 
minimum respiration and combustion of materials probably forces 
the dormant organs to activity. One thus sees the awakened 
active organ as a very unstable structure made up of many unstable 
compounds. If these changes are not the basis of the after- 
ripening process, they are found to accompany the after-ripening 
process. 
I wish to thank Dr. Wr~tt1AM CROCKER and Dr. FRED CONRAD 
Kocu for their kind aid and criticism of this work. 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Satt Lake City, UTAH 
