1921] CURRENT LITERATURE 263 
NOTES. POR STUDENTS 
Flora of southern Illinois.—In analyzing the elements reared into the 
4 di 
as a recent invasion, but as the remnants of a more numerous aggregation that 
existed here in the remote past. These species, therefore, are not extending 
but rather restricting their range. Two floristic formations are distinguish 
they center. The former dominates the rich soils of the Mississippi and the 
Ohio River flood plains formerly covered with rich forests. Among the common 
tree species are Taxodium distichum, Nyssa aquatica, Gleditsia aquatica, Fraxinus 
profunda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus lyrata, Betula nigra, Carya laciniosa, 
and many others. Among the herbaceous plants may be mentioned Hottonia 
inflata, Triadentum petiolatum, Dianthera ovata, Spilanthes americana, and 
Mikania scandens. The Mounds formation reaches its best development upon 
densis, and Acer saccharum. Upon the lower elevations the trees are large and 
tall, while upon the poorer soil and greater elevations of the Ozark hills not 
only is there a decrease in size, but there is a greater predominance of oaks 
and hickories, such as Quercus velutina, Q. alba, Q. stellata, Carya glabra, C. 
ovalis, and C. alba. 
The report concludes with a list of woody plants collected. This includes 
not less than twelve species and varieties of Carya and fifteen species and 
eight hybrids of Quercus.—Gro. D. FULLER. 
Seasonal —- in corbohy Grates Mista! has recently published a 
paper on apple seedlings. Analy- 
sis has been made on one- and two-year old stems and roots and on fruit spurs, 
for the determination of the amount of starch, sucrose, maltose, glucose, and 
total sugars at intervals of fifteen days during the year. Some determinations 
of acidity in autumn, winter, and spring have also been made. Starch reaches 
its maximum amount in one- and two-year old apple stems in October an 
November, with a secondary increase in June. The same is true of roots. 
Total carbohydrates show a similar curve, reaching 44 per cent in winter. 
Total and reducing sugars in one- and two-year old stems.and in roots increase 
in January and March. The author finds an increase in acidity in November, 
4 Pa , E. J., Botanical reconnoissance of southern Illinois. Jour. Arnold 
Aiictae 3 a: a §3. 1921. 
5 Mirra, S. K., Seasonal changes and translocation of carbohydrate aga in 
fruit spurs and two-year old seedlings of apple. Ohio Jour. Sci. 21: 89-103. i 
