364 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
Pogonia ophioglossoides (fig. 4).—While this orchid plays no pro- 
nounced part in the building of the bog, it is included on account of 
the peculiar character of its subterranean system. This is made 
up of a simple but comparatively extensive root system from which 
the aerial parts grow. This plant has no rhizome, although the 
root behaves in a manner similar to a rhizome and forms an effective 
means of vegetative propagation. Branches proper are lacking in 
the roots, but one or two new roots are likely to arise adventitiously 
from the base of each aerial shoot. This entire root is 5-6 cm. 
deep, which is just at the surface of the water in the bogs studied. 
Calopogon pulchellus——In contrast with Pogonia, this orchid 
has very little root system, the chief underground part being a 
small bulb. The bud of this bulb frequently divides, making two 
ee «5 
, 
50 cm. 
| Aa EEL —) 
Fic. 4.—Pogonia sae ta SRD of root aye A, aerial stems; R, root; 
plant propagated b ts instea t bog plants; depth 6 cm 
new plants, which, however, are likely to remain attached to each 
other, hence this is a poor means of disseminating the species. 
The few simple roots and the bulb structures were found to be 
dead at about 6 cm. deep, hence no living parts were found below 
the water. 
Betula pumila.—The dwarf birch grows obliquely or vertically 
upward, putting out roots at various levels in the peat. These 
roots assume an approximately horizontal position. They were 
found at various levels from 6 to 18 cm. deep. 
Sarracenia purpurea (fig. 5).—This species has a vertical stem, 
and distorted, usually vertical adventitious roots growing out 
wherever the stem is covered with peat. All structures die at the 
water surface. 
_ Drosera rotundifolia.—This plant behaves similarly to Sarra- 
cenia, except that its living parts do not extend deeper than 2 or 
