MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CARYA ALBA AND 
JUGLANS NIGRA 
THEO. HoLm 
(WITH PLATES XV, XVI, AND ONE FIGURE) 
The systematic position of the Juglandaceae has been somewhat 
disputed, some workers having referred the family to the close 
vicinity of the Anacardiaceae, although the floral structure is very 
different, and the resiniferous ducts so characteristic of these are 
totally absent from the Juglandaceae. Since the floral structure 
has been incorrectly explained in American manuals, it is thought 
advisable to redescribe this. Moreover, there are several points 
with regard to the internal structure and the germination which 
may be of interest to the student of plant morphology, besides that 
the American representatives are very little known from this 
particular point of view. 
Flower 
According to EICHLER,! the staminate flower of Carya (fig. 1) con- 
sists of two prophylla (P), which grow together with the subtending 
bract (L), thus forming a three-lobed involucre (figs. 2, 3) suggesting 
that of Carpinus; there is no perianth. The stamens, two to ten, 
have very short filaments, and are free (fig. 4). In the pistillate 
flower (figs. 5, 6) the bract is much longer than the two prophylla 
and the single, or very seldom two perianth-leaves (figs. 7, 8). 
In other words, the staminate flower has a three-lobed involucre, 
but no perianth; on the other hand, the pistillate has a very 
rudimentary perianth, consisting of a single leaf, or very seldom 
of two minute leaves. 
This simple and natural explanation of the floral structure, 
however, has been ignored or completely misunderstood by subse- 
quent writers in this country. It is strange to see the incorrect 
description that has been given in the treatments of the North 
* EICHLER, A. W., Bliithendiagramme. 2:32. 1875. 
375] [Botanical Gazette, vol. 72 
