YELLOW-WHITE PINE FORMATION AT 
LITTLE MANISTEE, MICHIGAN 
LeRoy H. HAaRveEyY 
(WITH SIX FIGURES) 
In a previous paper the writer’ presented the inadequacy of 
current phytogeographical classification of the northern half of 
the Southern Peninsula of Michigan, and at that time advanced 
a scheme consonant with observational and experimental data. 
This region was shown to lie within that phytogeographical area 
whose climax (eschatophytic) forest type is of the maple-beech or 
mixed hardwood formation. It was shown that within this great 
transitional area there were at least two edaphic climax formation- 
complexes, the yellow-white pine and the black-white oak. 
This paper is limited to a consideration of certain aspects of the 
“Big Pines” formation as it is exhibited at Little Manistee in 
Lake County, Michigan. The formation is now limited to two 
isolated stands one and one-half miles apart in the valley of the 
Little Manistee River which traverses each stand, the formation 
occupying its terraces and at a few points extending up on to the 
contiguous glacial highlands. These two stands are but the rem- 
nants of a once magnificent forest which occupied this general region. 
They are known locally as the Upper Pines and Lower Pines, and 
contain respectively about 160 and 60 acres. A general idea of 
these stands may be obtained from figs. 1-4. 
During the preparation of this paper it was learned that the 
Upper Pines had suffered the inevitable, and that the saw and ax 
were rapidly resolving it into a historical fact. In light of this it 
has seemed wise to present rather fully all data available as a 
matter of record. Through the personal interest and activity of 
Judge Harry D. Jewett, of Grand Rapids, these magnificent 
stands of pines in 1914 were temporarily saved from complete 
deforestation, the logging operations actually being in progress at 
* Harvey, LeRoy H., Some phytogeographical observations in Lake County, 
Michigan. Mich. Acad. Sci. Rept. 213-217. 19109. 
Botanical Gazette, vol. 73] [26 
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