1922] WOODARD—SOIL FERTILITY 97 
The subsoil has much less organic matter, but the proportion of 
its other constituents is about the same as in the surface. The 
surface soil is very high in volatile matter, sulphur, and phosphorus, 
while the subsoil is very low in both sulphur and phosphorus. 
The Wisconsin soils, samples ‘to and 11, are from near Beloit, 
Wisconsin. They are fine sandy loams, dark brown on the surface 
and a lighter brown in the subsoil. In both samples the volatile 
matter, sulphur, and phosphorus are higher in the surface soil than 
in the subsoil. The sulphur content is low in both surface soil 
and subsoil in both samples, but the phosphorus is good in the 
surface soil of both samples, fair in the subsoil of sample 10, and 
poor in the subsoil of sample 11. Both sulphur and phosphorus 
are lower in the subsoil than the surface soil in both samples. 
The Indiana soil samples (nos. 12-18) were taken near Charles- 
town, Clark County, Indiana. This region is underlain by lime- 
stone rock, but the rock has been covered by a thick layer of 
windblown material, from which most of the soils were formed. All 
the soils sampled were formed from this windblown material except 
no. 12, which was taken on the bluff of a small stream where there 
was considerable erosion. It seems that the erosion has removed 
the greater part of the windblown material, and to a large extent 
the soil is formed from the underlying limestone. This is probably 
the reason why this sample resembles in general appearance and in 
chemical composition the Kentucky soils rather than the adjacent 
soils from the windblown material or loess. Sample 12 has a light 
brown silt loam surface soil grading into a reddish yellow subsoil. 
Like the other Indiana soils, the volatile matter and sulphur are low, 
but the phosphorus is high like most of the Kentucky soils. 
The loessal soils include two types, the one with good natural 
underdrainage and the other with poor drainage. The former, 
which includes samples 15-18, is a yellow gray silt loam in the sur- 
face soil and a yellow silt loam in the subsoil. The latter, which 
includes samples 13 and 14, has a gray or slightly yellowish gray 
silt loam surface soil underlain by a gray or gray and yellow mottled 
silt loam subsoil. Both are poorly drained, but sample 13 is more 
nearly level and has more gray color in both surface and subsoil. 
All the samples from both types are low in volatile matter, sulphur, 
