134 ¢ BOTANICAL GAZETTE [FEBRUARY 
monly attributed the names used in the joint publication of Hum- 
BOLDT, BONPLAND, and KUNTH. 
As a result of studies preliminary to his own monograph of 
the Piperaceae, in 1866 DE CANDOLLE added two South American 
species to the P. umbilicata group, as well as one, P. ovato-peltata, 
questionably based-on both Mexican and Costa Rican material and 
scarcely distinguishable today, and a caulescent subpeltate species, 
P. cordulata, from Panama. Shortly after the publication of 
DE CANDOLLE’S monograph in 1869, he gave publicity to a diminu- 
tive Mexican species, P. fugax, which LiEBMANN had discovered 
and named in manuscript, in addition to two scarcely differentiable 
larger peltate species, P. Muelleri and P. Bourgeaui, from eastern 
Mexico. Slightly antedating the publication of these, BAKER 
described another, P. puberula, very closely related to them, from 
Gautemalan plants cultivated in England. 
It was not until 1887 that another addition was made to the 
P. umbilicata group, when Watson distinguished in what he 
called P. gracillima a west Mexican counterpart of the original 
Peruvian species and its representatives in eastern Mexico and 
Guatemala. Four years later, DE CANDOLLE described P. scutellaia, 
of Costa Rica, and in the course of the following decade further 
named an additional peltate species, P. macrandra from Mexico; 
and from Central America added five others, P. peltata, P. sciaphila, 
P. Tuerckheimii, P. tecticola, and P. podocarpa; and in 1902 
P. Bakerii was described by him from Cuba. 
At the end of the century all of the available material was gone 
over critically by DAHLsTEDT in an exhaustive ntsc. but an 
even more fruitful comparative study of the corm-producing group, 
centering about P. umbilicata, was made nearly a decade later by 
A. W. Hitt, whose Andean field observations and seedling studies 
of the geophilous species led to a very satisfactory morphological 
distinction between North American and South American groups, 
centering respectively about P. umbilicata, and the Mexican forms 
that had been mistaken for or too closely connected with that 
Peruvian plant. In addition to describing several new peltate 
species from the southern continent, he differentiated under the 
name P. campylotropa what appeared to be the most frequently 
