152 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [FEBRUARY 
of one Syrphid on a flower of which a list containing 10 Syrphidae 
and 21 other insects is not included. In Bliitenbdiologie 2:254, 
KNuTH specially mentions the hive-bee and Syritia pipiens as 
visitors of Péelea trifoliata, but in 3:444 a list containing these 
two insects together with 49 others is merely grouped. In 2:476, 
Andrena combinata (sex?), observed by SCHMIEDEKNECHT, is 
specially mentioned, while MAcLEop’s list containing 6 bees 
(sexes given) and 70 other insects is combined. In the third volume 
of Bliitenbiologie the seeming discrimination in favor of collectors’ 
notes as against anthecological lists perhaps may be explained 
partly from the fact that they are usually short. Why long lists 
are usually published in the second volume and always omitted in 
the third requires another explanation. 
GENERAL RESULTS.—While one might hold that a general work 
should treat all of the data alike, and that, when it repeats one set 
of lists for the third time, it should collect another set once, it is 
not certain that it should give local lists at all. As regards details, 
local lists decline in value as the distance increases from the place 
where they were made. As regards species, the lists from Illinois 
and Germany are quite different. A student in one place does not 
need to know the specific name of every insect taken on flowers in 
the other, but only the different kinds. Of course in giving the 
general groups errors may easily be made. ‘‘Hymenoptera”’ is 
used for the three groups, long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, 
and other Hymenoptera, for any two of them, or for any one of 
them exclusively. Bees and the other Hymenoptera do not belong 
to the same ecological class. Of 437 entomophilous flowers bees 
were found on 95.4 per cent, while flies were found on 60.4 per cent, 
and the other Hymenoptera on only 43.0 per cent. Table I shows 
that the visits of bees range from 33.3 to 60.6 per cent, while the 
visits of other Hymenoptera range from 1.6 to 16.9. In Davis’ 
Handbook of flower pollination (1: 165), ‘‘hymenopterid flowers’’ is 
a translation of “‘Immenblumen,”’ used by KNnurtH in referring to a 
statement in which LoEw wrote ‘“‘Bienenblumen.” 
CARLINVILLE, ILL. 
