206 BOTANICAL GAZETTE . [MARCH 
tape was used. Instead, a pocket compass was employed for keep- 
ing on a line running through the middle of the row of quadrats, 
and each quadrat was surveyed by walking through it in the 
manner indicated in fig. 3. The middle of each quadrat after the 
first was found by pacing thirty-three paces from the middle of the 
preceding quadrat with the compass as a guide to the direction. 
The place was then marked by sticking into the ground a stick 
about four feet long which was 
sharpened to a point at the lower 
end and whittled off at the upper 
end so as to give a whitish surface 
which could be seen for some 
distance. This stick was carried 
1 from quadrat to quadrat as the 
t work progressed. The various 
species of herbaceous plants 
S present in each quadrat were 
recorded as nos. 1, 2, 3, OF 4; 
no. 1 signifying rare, no. 2 fre- 
1 
4 
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made for each species, showing 
its distribution and relative fre- 
G. 3.—A one-hundred-foot quadrat_ quency of occurrence through- 
Fic. 
illustrating method used in estimating out the forest. In surveying for 
frequency of herbaceous plant species in 
University woods: broken linewith arrows herbaceous plants, only those 
= < % ne ne - ting a ter plants that were in bloom or 
directions hes si ain eae. oe etherwie easily recognized 
were listed; and in order to make 
the lists complete the survey was repeated once each month during 
the growing season. 
REsULTS.—By this method a fairly complete list of the plants 
growing in the woods was obtained, together with the relative 
numbers of individuals and the locations of each species. No 
attempt has been made so far to include the bryophytes and the 
microfungi and algae in the survey, although it is hoped that this 
may be done later. The bryophytes are nowhere abundant, and 
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abundant. A map was then 
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