1910] LIPMAN—LACK OF ANTAGONISM IN SALTS 49 
to the curve obtained for the antagonism between KC] and CaCl,. 
This latter fact is especially interesting, since for B. subtilis a strong 
antagonism is exhibited between KCl and CaCl,, while in the case 
of NaCl and CaCl, there is a constant increase of toxicity 
as CaCl, is added in larger and larger amounts to the 
14 NaCl solutions. . 
In this striking behavior B. subtilis is exceptional, 
12 not only as compared with a great variety of the higher 
plants, including liverworts, equisetum, algae, and some 
aL fungi, but also as compared with animals. Lors*? found 
a marked antagonism between 
a sodium and calcium ions in his 
studies on the development of 
animals. Moore'® showed the 
Zi same to hold true 
for contraction of 
id the lymph hearts 
the frog, and 
2 
™g) Vac] 
“Lok ae ES SS 
oe 2 E F G "TAREE aa 
in a — ioe — at A represents the amount of ammonia nitrogen formed 
at K Solution of NaCl containing 0.75 per cent. peptone. The ordinate 
of CaCl, and with 
Points represent th 
of the t € amounts of ammonia nitrogen formed in various combinations 
WO salts as indicated in table ITI. 
ea also demonstrated that fact in the case of the turtle’s heart. 
ate to these facts, we have the work of LILLTE*? to show also 
oc... pati ciliary activity an antagonism between CaCl, and 
ca a. ound to exist, and McCattum in his work on cathartics 
€ same facts to hold true there. 
any more instances could be cited to show by contrast the 
ngly exceptional behavior of B. subtilis as regards the_two salts 
“ amg ‘ oe, Physiol. 3:328, 383. 1909. 
- 5787. rgor. 19 Ibid. 42265. 1900. 20 Ibid. 5:56. 190I. 
Strikj 
