142 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [FEBRUARY 
on the area under consideration are in the Danthonia-Polytrichum 
stage. The principal associated species are Cyperus filiculmis, 
Panicum capillare, Spiraea tomentosa, Potentilla argentea, Solidago 
nemoralis, Rumex Acetosella, Aster linariijolius. 
aS f Lb mee Leas PC L_ pel | | 
| | Js PC, e °C PC 3] 8 4 \ Lleol} "} 
c 
- 1} | jpol | 8 a ; nl aus 
PC 3 8] |e] [8 / yi Gea is Des 
8 wa els] [8] | isi 
e| [8 5 8 6] |? sf isi tt 8 
P 
P 8 8 Hh ae 
3 8 A yt 
5 °C 5 g Co 
PO 8 $ §| |8 1S} ft 
B B A B 
i 8 s|_Talel le 3 BEUae 
v 3 8 H ? 3 ot ttt Ty fel 
8 8 a 
8 8 
r) 8 (BURSEDWEES EE, 
3 5 TES oo ay ae ae 
3 5 “ene : LSeanRABSs 2¥ 
AE § BESEEDEaS 
B aie) os 
8 L ‘8 a SS ae ee 
a aeee8 
g 8 BREe 
B Lf 
3 ple ||P} | tb 
al Ip BSaee 
8 s at 
a 
B B Ree Se 
8 8 ie et ee 
Se@U ee 
eee 2 
P 
oe i SS i ee 
P P ba 
ee 3 3 [Eas ane 
uf $ Hs P Bs Se Sa 
PH 
6 8 . - 
3 g 
: 3 3 anne 
Fic. 10.—Sample plot 1. Danthonia-Polytrichum pasture, showing one-year-old 
white birch, Colchester plain, 1 square meter; B, Betula populifolia _ at rate of 245 
white — n 25 square meters; S, Spiraea tomentosa 67; PC, Poa compressa Bel 
P, Panicum capillare 21; H, Hypericum canadense 5; V, Verbena pase a; kr 
Populus peukeihass 
As in abandoned plowed fields, beds of Polytrichum are centers 
from which the tree invasion begins. As in the former case also, 
pitch pine and white birch are most commonly taking possession of 
worn-out pastures. Adjacent to mature pitch pine, pastures are 
transformed into pure even-aged stands of that species, while those 
