° 
318 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [APRIL 
chloroplasts in the bottom of the palisades is a local effect of the frost, which 
induces in the pois and perhaps in the semifluid protoplasm also, a nega- 
tive thermotactic migratio 
ENN has also alias the migration of one of the chloroplasts of Synedra 
Ulna after division. The division of the diatom is of course longitudinal, while 
the two chromatophores divide transversely. One of each new pair, therefore, 
must move diagonally from one end of the old valve to the face of the new, elongat- 
ing at the same time, while its fellow same’ om antes to fill the old valve. The 
movement seems to be a t igrati in all ee of the chloro- 
plast, but progressive while the ‘elongation i is going on.—C. R. B 
Coloring matter of tomato.—WitisTATrEeR and EscHer?? have investigated 
the coloring matter of the tomato and come to the conclusion that it is a compound 
_ isomeric with carotin, but not identical with it as other investigators have claimed. 
The coloring matter, for which they retain ScHUNCK’s name lycopin, was extracted 
from both fresh and preserved tomatoes. The yield from 135*8 fresh tomatoes 
was 2.7", and from 74k preserved tomatoes 118", The tomatoes are dried by 
repeated washing with alcohol, which is finally pressed out. The residue is further 
dried on a water bath, ground to powder, and extracted with carbon bisulfid, 
which is driven off under reduced pressure. After being washed with alcohol 
and petroleum ether, the raw lycopin was most advantageously recrystallized 
from gasoline. The empirical formula is C;H,, and the molecular formula 
C,o0H,6 corresponds with carotin. Lycopin differs from carotin, however, in its 
crystal form and other physical properties, and in its chemical behavior toward 
oxygen and halogens. Both substances undergo sige apse but the quanti- 
ties of oxygen absorbed differ in the two cases.—H. HASSELBRING. 
Plant succession in Nova Scotia.—TRaNsEAU?® has parity the succession. 
of plant societies found on a portion of the southwestern coast of Nova Scotia. 
Several lines of physiographic succession have been investigated, and all are found 
to lead to the Picea formation, a forest association dominated by Picea mariana 
with a small percentage of Abies balsamea and Picea canadensis. The marine 
line of succession leads from the Laminaria and Fucus formations through 4 
salt marsh with typical associations passing through an Alnus-Myrica shrub 
association to the final forest stage. The hydrophytic series has the same fate, 
the Sphagnum and Larix associations being two stages which usually precede 
the spruce. From the dry beach with Ammophila and Atriplex the transition 
is through the Alnus-Myrica association to the Picea forest. e final 
coniferous association varies considerably in density, but the trees are seidott 
more than to™ high; aie eee it oe to the author’s northeastern 
conifer forest center—Gro. D. FULLE 
7 WittsTATTeR, R., AND Escuer, H. H., Ueber den Farbstoff der T omate- 
Zeit. ‘Physiol Chemie edonkey pl. T. figs. I. 19f0. 
28 TRANSEAU, Epcar N., Successional segprinet of the vegetation about Yar- 
1909- 
mouth, Nova Scotia. Plant World 12:271—281. figs. 
