144 



BOTAMCAL GAZETTE 



[august 





A vertical or cross-section through a typical grove would reveal 

 the following strata, (i) The basaltic rock cliff or wall, made up 

 solely of ancient lava beds, piled one upon another. (2) A thin 

 layer of lava soil, 4-12 inches thick, yellowish or reddish stiff clay, 

 and excessively retentive of moisture. This soil is derived directly 

 from the underlying lava. When stripped of vegetation, as by 

 landslides, it washes away very rapidly, and exposes the rock 

 strata. (3) A very thin layer of vegetable mold, not exceeding 

 2-6 inches. Conditions in the rain forests are not favorable for 

 the accumulation of humus, and on the steep slopes occupied by 

 the tapestry groves, very little accumulation is physically possible. 

 (4) The vegetable mold or forest floor (in reality more of a wall 

 than a floor) is covered with various hygrophytic species of lichens, 

 liverworts, mosses, filmy ferns, coarser ferns, and a few herbaceous- 



/ 



perennial seed plants. 



Among the latter are such 



genera 



as 



Astelia, Gunner a, Liparis, Peperomia, Nertera, etc. (5) The forest 

 proper, consisting of small trees, shrubby trees, shrubs, and lianas. 

 The following are representative members of the Hawaiian 



tapestry grove formations: 



Acacia koa Gray 

 Aleurites moluccana Willd. 

 Alyxia olivaeformis Gray 

 Antidesma platyphyllum ManD 

 Bobea elatior Gray 

 Broussaissia arguta Gaud. 

 Charpentiera ovata Gaud. 

 Cheirodendron Gaudichaudii Seem. 

 Cheirodendron platyphyllum Seem. 

 Claoxylon sandwicense Mueller 

 Clermontia spp. 



Coprosma spp. 

 Coreopsis spp. 

 Delissea spp. 

 Dodonaea viscosa L. 

 Dubautia laxa Hook, and Arn. 

 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. 



Euphorbia spp. 



Eurya sandwicensis Gray 



Exocarpus brachystachys Hbd. 



Freycinetia Arnotti Gaud. 



Gardenia Brighamii Mann 



Gardenia Remyi Mann 



Gouldia spp. 



Hesperomannia arborescens Gray 



Hibiscus Arnottianus Gray 



Hibiscus kokio Hbd. 



Ilex sandwicensis Loes. 



Kadua spp. 



Labordia spp. 



Lipochaeta connata DC. 

 Lipochaeta decurrens Hbd. 

 Lipochaeta spp. and vars. 

 Lobelia spp. 



Elaeocarpus biiidus Hook, and Arn. Lysimachia Hillebrandia Hook. f. 



Eugenia sandwicensis Gray 

 Euphorbia Hookeri Steud. 



Lysimachia spp. 



Maba sandwicensis A.DC. 



Euphorbia multiformis Hook, and Metrosiderosmacropus Hook, and Arn 







Arn, 



Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. 



i 



