88 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
concise way is probably by means of a classification, based on the 
phyllode theory, of the principal types of leaf‘ enumerated in 
dealing with the various families. On this basis the leaves of the 
Farinosae fall into the following six groups: 
1. Phyllodes consisting of a sheathing base, and an ensiform limb 
equivalent to a petiole flattened in the vertical plane; for example, 
Anarthria scabra R.Br. (Restionaceae), fig. 3; Xyris (many species) 
(Xyridaceae), figs. 12, 14, 18; Philydrum (Philydraceae), fig. 22. 
2. Phyllodes consisting of a sheathing base, and a limb departing 
little in character from a normal petiole and containing an arc 
or ring of bundles; for example, Anarthria gracilis R.Br. 
(Restionaceae), fig. 4; Elegia deusta Kth. (Restionaceae) (10, 
fig. 5A, B); Gaimardia australis Gaudich. (Centrolepidaceae), 
fig. 5; Xyris teretifolia Pouls. (Xyridaceae) (16, fig. 3); Pritzelia 
pygmaea F. Muell. (Philydraceae), fig. 21. 
3. Phyllodes essentially similar to (2), but in which the petiolar 
limb is reduced to a mere point; for example, Leptocarpus peronatus 
Mast. (Restionaceae), fig. 2; Eriocaulon cuspidatum Dalz (Erio- 
caulaceae), fig. 19; some Bromeliaceae. 
4. Phyllodes similar to (3), but further reduced until they 
consist of leaf bases alone; for example, many Eriocaulaceae and 
Bromeliaceae. 
5. Phyllodes in which the whole or the distal region of the petiole 
is flattened in the horizontal plane into a pseudolamina, containing 
inverted as well as normal bundles; for example, Pontederiaceae 
(figs. 7, 8); Helmholtzia acorifolia F. Muell. (Philydraceae), fig. 23. 
6. Phyllodes in which the whole or the distal region of the 
petiole is expanded in the horizontal plane to form a pseudolamina 
without inverted bundles; for example, many Commelinaceae; 
Rapatea (Rapateaceae), figs. 24, 25. 
COMPARISON WITH LEAVES OF OTHER COHORTS 
One of the most striking results elicited by a general study of 
monocotyledonous leaves is the way in which certain leaf types 
recur again and again in this group, among plants by no means 
closely allied to one another. The leaves of the Farinosae afford 
many examples of these parallelisms. I will confine myself to an 
attempt to trace some of the relations between the leaf types of 
