266 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
On the other hand, Brown (4) concludes that Leotia possesses 
an ascogonium which makes its appearance early in the history of 
the ascocarp. From this the fertile hyphae arise, and may be seen 
in succeeding stages, passing upward into the cap, where after much 
branching they reach the hymenium and form asci. This asco- 
gonium was seen in but one plant, and was observed only in an 
empty and partly degenerated condition. The manifestations of 
sexuality in Leotia, therefore, cannot be said to have been estab- 
lished beyond the possibility of a doubt. 
It is only in the work of Firzparrick (15) that we find a wholly 
satisfactory description of sexuality in any of the Helvellineae. 
This worker has given a very careful and detailed account of sexu- 
ality in Rhizina. In this form, while the ascocarp primordia are 
yet small, certain multicellular hyphae near the center are trans- 
formed into procarps. This transformation entails a great increase 
in diameter and in the number of nuclei in the cells, the assumption 
of an irregular coiling habit, and the development of a somewhat 
elongated terminal cell which may be considered a trichogyne. No 
antheridia are present, and the trichogyne is functionless. When 
maturity is reached, the centrally situated cells of the procarp 
proliferate ascogenous hyphae, and into these the nuclei from all 
parts of the procarp migrate, passing from cell to cell through pores 
which have previously been formed in the transverse septa. These 
nuclei migrate in pairs. Evidence of nuclear fusions in the ascogo- 
nial cells or in the ascogenous hyphae is entirely lacking, and neither 
conjugate nor simple divisions were observed to occur in the latter. 
The conditions obtaining in the species discussed in this paper 
have already been summarized (10). It was pointed out that no 
evidence of the existence of any type of procarp bodies has been 
found in Trichoglossum, in which the ascogenous hyphae arise from 
threads of vegetative form adjacent to the hymenium. In Cudonia 
and Spathularia the structures interpreted as procarps arise at @ 
comparatively late stage in the development of the ascocarp from 
threads differentiated while the fructification is yet very young: 
They are numerous, more or less irregular in form, and while in 
Cudonia very distinct trichogynes are organized, similar structures 
are absent from Spathularia. In Cudonia the cells of the procarp 
appear to be uninucleate at first, later becoming multinucleate, 
