280 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
more distended, and their contents do not stain quite so densely, 
and thus cell structures can be distinguished with a greater degree 
of certainty. How the originally uninucleate cells become multi- 
nucleate is not known. The nuclei are small, and are frequently 
on in size. They often appear to lie in pairs (figs. 36, 37, 39, 
40 
While at the multinucleate stage, or even before they can be 
seen definitely to be multinucleate, the procarp cells form branches 
which bud out from them (figs. 36, 38, 40). These branches are 
ascogenous hyphae, and can. be recognized directly as such from 
the fact that in well advanced specimens in which the formation 
of asci is just beginning they have been seen passing from procarp 
complexes, which are usually empty and degenerated at this stage, 
to the hymenium, and there giving rise to asci (fig. 10). Asco- 
genous hyphae may be seen passing from an old procarp complex 
to the hymenium, which is just being differentiated (fig. 10). In 
the subhymenium they are in direct connection with cells under- 
going crozier formation preparatory to the formation of asci. The 
cells of the ascogenous hyphae are usually multinucleate, but may 
be binucleate. 
The proliferation of one or more asci from an ascogenous hypha 
by the formation of a crozier, with its four nuclei and various evolu- 
tions, has been described by numerous workers, and need not be 
detailed again. It will be sufficient to say that in Cudonia the 
penultimate cell usually grows out into an ascus, but a succession 
of croziers may be formed, and there may be a fusion of the ultimate 
and the antepenultimate cells, followed by the formation of an ascus 
or of another crozier. Several croziers may be formed from a 
single cell of an ascogenous hypha, and when all these are confined 
to the distal end of the cell a peculiar candelabra-like arrangement 
of asci results. 
The two nuclei which find their way into the young ascus fuse 
at once. The fusion nucleus enlarges as the ascus grows, an 
finally assumes very large proportions. Divisions of the nucleus 
begin when the ascus has reached about half its ultimate size, and 
these divisions succeed one another very rapidly. When eight 
daughter nuclei have been formed the spores are delimited. 
