284 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
already described, and it is believed that these are BRown’s 
“storage cells.”” Careful attention was given to the possibility of 
paraphyses arising from these cells, but in the many sections 
examined for the purpose of confirming this observation, not a 
single clear case of the origin of paraphyses in these bodies was 
found. 
The fact that ascogenous hyphae arise from these special cells 
in Leotia makes it necessary to consider the possibility that they 
represent some form of sex apparatus. Obviously, before this 
interpretation can actually be put upon them, it will be necessary 
to re-examine stages comparable with the youngest which BROWN 
studied in order to make sure whether or not an ascogonium occurs 
at the base of the young ascocarp. If there be no ascogonium there, 
Leotia would then resemble Spathularia in its manifestation of 
sexuality. 
SEXUALITY IN HELVELLINEAE 
The phenomena of sexuality in the Helvellineae bring forward 
some interesting questions. In the first place, the large number of 
procarps occurring in these Geoglossaceous forms is noteworthy; 
the overwhelming majority of Discomycetes possess but a single 
one. FirzpATRIck (15) drew attention to this point in his discussion 
of Rhizina undulata, which form is characterized by the production 
of several of these bodies. This investigator also indicated that 
while this character tends to separate the Helvellineae from other 
Discomycetes proper, it brings them closer to the disco-lichens, 
which are notable for their compound apothecia. F1irzPaTRIcK 
quotes a number of lichen forms of which this is true, and to these 
may be added those which constitute the subject of NIENBURG’S 
(18) researches, namely, Usnea barbata, Baeomyces roseus, Sphyrid- 
ium byssoides, and Icmadophila aeruginosa. It may be mentioned 
also that in those species in which the procarp is not obviously 
greatly reduced, for example in Rhizina undulata and in Cudonia 
lutea, it is of the same general form as that which characterizes 
lichens, that is, it consists of a modified, more or less coiled multi- 
cellular hypha the terminal portion of which constitutes a trichogyne-. 
The trichogyne is unicellular in Rhizina and multicellular in 
Cudonia. 
