302 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
10. The antipodals are somewhat ephemeral, breaking down 
either shortly before or after the fusion of the polar nuclei. 
11. The endosperm nucleus is the first to divide after double 
fertilization, and for a while continues to produce free nuclei, but 
cell walls soon appear. 
12. The fertilized egg is slow to divide, and undergoes no 
extensive development, so that the ripe seed has a small embryo 
imbedded in rich endosperm tissue. 
13. The suspensor is somewhat long. 
14. The morphological features of the Umbelliferae show that 
they are out of place among the Archichlamydeae, and that they 
belong among the Sympetalae, in spite of their separate petals, 
just as Agapanthus is a good monocotyledon in spite of its two 
cotyledons. 
15. The epigynous nature of the flower in close affinity with that 
of the Rubiales warrants the placing of the Umbellales about 
parallel with the Rubiales, among the Sympetalae, that is, as a 
side line having a common origin with the Rubiales. 
Acknowledgment is due to Dr. CHARLES J. CHAMBERLAIN for 
proposing the problem, as also for suggestions during the course of 
the investigation. 
St. Procoprus CoLLEGE 
Liste, Int. 
LITERATURE CITED 
- ADAMSON, MICHAEL, Familles des plantes. Paris. 17 
- Bartscu, E., Beitrige zur Anatomie und inthe der Umbelliferen- 
friichte. Diss. Breslau. 1882. 
. BEHUNECK, H., Zur Anatomie von Oenanthe crocata. Diss. Kiel. 1879. 
Bernuarvi, J. J., Uber die merkwiirdigsten Verschiedenheiten des 
entwickelten Pflanzenembryo und ihren Werth fiir die Systematik. 
Linnaea 7: 561-613. 1832. 
. Bessey, C. E., The ages: taxonomy of flowering plants. Ann. 
Mo. Bot. Gerd, 2: 109-164. I 
. Bessey, E. A., The origin a ae Anthophyta. Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. 
Sci. 17: Ps IQI5. 
. Bucuenav, F., Der Bluenthenstand und die Zweigbildung bei Hydrocotyle 
vulgaris. Bot. Zeit. 18:365. 1860 
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