DARWIN AND AFTER DARWIN. 811 



Somiology, and which niy experience and researches ever since 



have confirmed. The truth is that Specie* and perhaps Genera also, 

 are forming in organized beings by gradual deviations of shapes, forms 



and organs, taking place in the lapse of time. There is a tendency 

 to deviations and mutations through plants and animals by gradual 

 steps at remote irregular periods. This a part of the great uni- 

 versal law of perpetual mutability in everything. 



" Thus it is needless to dispute and differ about new G. Sp. and 

 varieties. Every variety is a deviation which becomes a Sp. as 

 soon as it is permanent by reproduction. Deviations in essential 

 organs may thus gradually become N. G. Yet every deviation in 

 form ought to have a peculiar name, it is better to have only a 

 generic and specific name for it than when deemed a variety. It is 

 not impossible to ascertain the primitive Sp. that have produced all 

 the actual ; many means exist to ascertain it : history, locality, 

 abundance, &c. This view of the subject will settle botany and 

 zoology in a new way and greatly simplify those sciences. The 

 races, breeds or varieties of men, monkeys, dogs, roses, apples, 

 wheat, and almost every other genus, which may be reduced to one 

 or a few primitive Sp. yet admit of several actual Sp. names may 

 and will multiply as they do in geography and history by time and 

 changes, but they will be reducible to a better classification by a 

 kind of genealogical order or tables. 



" My last work on Botany if I live and after publishing my 

 N. Sp. will be on this and the reduction of our Flora from 8000 to 

 1200 or 1530 primitive Sp. with genealogical tables of the gradual 

 deviations having formed our actual Sp. If 1 cannot perform this, 

 ffive me credit for it, and do it yourself upon the plan that I trace. 

 6 "C. S. B." 



DARWIN UP TO DATE. 



Darwin and after Darwin. By George John Romanes, M.A., LL.D., 



F.K.S. I. — The Darwinian Tlieory. London; Longmans, 

 Green & Co. 1892. Pp. xiv. 460, tigs. 125. Price 10s. 6d. 



Mb. Romanes intends this volume "to be merely a systematic 

 exposition of what may be termed the Darwinism of Darwin." 

 Before reading it, the conviction was strong within me that Mr. 

 Darwin's theory did not call for any special exposition other than 

 the splendid original, and the volumes of Mr. Wallace. I was even 

 prejudiced enough to believe that in this case popular expositions 

 did all the harm of second-hand accounts, and conferred little 

 advantage of readability. I may say at the outset that this pre- 

 judice has been abundantly sustained by an examination of Mr. 

 Komanes' effort. It is commonly supposed to be easy to refrain 

 from writing books, and this one can only be accounted for by the 

 existence of a book-writing habit. The author promises another 

 volume on Post-Darwinian Questions, and it, if he succeed in 

 making plain his own attitude, will have a certain value to those 

 who have toiled hard in the effort to understand Mr. Bomanes' 



