146 THE JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
and purplish on one side, and staminoid to the extent as to bear on 
the opposite side pollen-chamber and yellow connective; three 
perfect stamens. e. In this flower; one of the stamens, bearing a 
honey-process, apparently formed the base of a petal. f. Thre 
sepals; three petals, the lower largest, the others smaller eid 
a 
efore leaving the flowers of V. ericetorum seomneem it may be 
as well to note that other variations observed among the series of 
1000 flowers were: non-development of the fietalline spur; lateral 
union of sepal and petal; s so of one or both staminal- 
processes ; development of processes by stamens that do not nor- 
mally bear them ; ern failing to enter petalline spur. 
Summary or VARIATIONS. 
Detected among 1000 flowers of each of the following species :— 
V. odorata L.—Lobing of sepals :—Other variations do ed 
such as suppression of the petalline spur and staminal-proces 
also an addition to the number of members of the three sister 
whorls of the flowe 
. hirta L. — Approaching Bg Seti in appearance by reason of 
petals being of about the same size, or, assuming similar positions, 
processes ; tetra us ‘Hower? ; other structural variations ; pro- 
duction of additional a: ; suppression of one or both staminal- 
laa am ; development of more than two staminal-processes. 
’, silvestris Recheal .—Development of “sacs” at the bases of 
the poole in addition if oF usual spur; development of auxiliary 
spurs ; trimerous symm 
V. Riviniana Reichenb. oe esanhtiy regularity in appearance ; 
poe of sepal ; pages of petals; non-development of spur and 
formation of “‘sacs’’ at the base of all five a production of 
anxilnny spurs ; aevalsanait of “sacs” at the base of petals in 
addition to the usual spur; suppression of staminal- proce Ses ; va 
ealaunsit of additional staminal- -processes ; tetramerous flower, 
V. ertcetorum Schrader.—Approaching regularity i in Apeatatioe : 
petalody of sepal; adhesion of sepal a petal; arrested growth of 
posterior petals; suppression of one or both posterior petals; 
dwarfing of spur; non-development at spur; sepalody o ‘oboe 
adhesion of petal and stamen; petalody of stamen ; formation o 
additional staminal-processes ; suppression of staminal- -processes ; 
tetramerous flowers ; trimerous flowers. 
Conciustons. 
An inspection of the preceding summary shows that variation 
is least prevalent among the flowers of Viola odorata and PV. silvestris, 
and is most abundant among vie owits of V. ericetorum, V. hirta, 
