THE PLACE OF LINNEUS IN THE HISTORY OF BOTANY 267 
Linneus for ine first time made his views me — — a 
sexuality known to the public, but the manuscript from 1729, 
mentioned soak nponyreine already the prineipal features ae ne 
theory as advanced in 1 
Al rapes Linneus thas re not “invent” the theory, the 
essential part of it was a result of his own observations, in 
this direction by the words of "Vaillant "Lito studies of the 
flowers resulted soon in his observing the inadequacy of the system 
of Toutnefort; and already, in 1730, he used a system of his own in 
writing a catalogue of the plants in wesc Gardens of Upsala, 
which list he used for his lectures. This system was subsequently 
improved upon, and used in his Hortus Uplandious, and in 1735, in 
the a edition af Systema Nature 
regard to Sachs’s statement, already referred to, that 
Sanedl received his idea of a bin nomenclature from Bach- 
mann, there is no evidence to show ag. Or this really was the case. 
Sachs says (p. 75) that Bachmann “lays down with respect to 
generic and specific names the principles which Linneus after: 
wards consistently applied, whereas Bachmann himself did not 
follow ric own precepts, but injured his reputation as a botanist by 
a tasteless nomenclature.’ The fact is, that Bach ann, in his 
Tuivédulesio universalis in rem enema publishe ed 1690, in a few 
words gives some vague hints naming of plants, but it is not 
known if Linneus even bad seen hig work before his binominal 
system was a completed fa ct. 
Atall events considered himself as the re 
of the btisey nomenclature, and there is no reason why we should 
disbelieve his words in this respect, even in order to estos the 
reputation of a Bachmann. Linn seus often mentions this method 
of ae ~ his ‘‘ inventum,’”’ and was alw. ways very proud of it. 
‘*Nomina trivialia,”’ he says, ‘‘ woro férut ohérde. Linneus in- 
forde Sees ‘tre ee Det war detsamma som att satta ‘klapp i 
klocka. Twa nna litt minnas, litt nimnas och skrifvas, 
langt biittre ain soon forut skedde, linga definitioner.’’* - 
Prof. Fries, the most recent and best D ooaeas of Linngeus’ 8 
biographers, pamper that during Linneus’s lectures in the 
Botanic Ga of Upsala, in 1780, the sro who were unable 
d their wad in the prevailing labyrinth of botanical nomen- 
clature, asked Linneus to give them directions, and it can be 
th was during this work of preparing hi 
students that Linneus found the necessity of improved and stable 
ss for the calaaae ugh he ot im binary 
* The literal translation would be: Nomina trivialia were before Ea 
of. Linnus introduced them everywhere. It was like putting a clapper in a 
Il 
better than as was done before—long definitions. These words are from Lin- 
neus’s notes apout Tea whieh explains | whe apparent Lom of one or more 
words for the sake of briefness. [See note at end of this 
ries : * Caroli ‘Lanai Hortus S Diptaielintl _— ‘Bledning och férk- 
laringar. " Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift, 1899. Progra 
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