﻿22 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  easterly 
  direction, 
  with 
  sharply 
  cut 
  ravines 
  heading 
  against 
  it 
  on 
  

   both 
  sides, 
  marking 
  the 
  extreme 
  heads 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  streams 
  which 
  

   flowed 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand 
  northeast 
  to 
  the 
  St 
  Lawrence, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   other 
  hand 
  southwest 
  to 
  the 
  Ontario 
  drainage. 
  On 
  the 
  Clayton 
  

   quadrangle 
  the 
  French 
  creek 
  valley 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  former, 
  and 
  

   the 
  Chaumont 
  river 
  valley 
  to 
  the 
  latter 
  category; 
  on 
  the 
  Alexandria 
  

   most 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  was 
  on 
  the 
  St 
  Lawrence 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  divide, 
  

   the 
  valleys 
  of 
  Crooked 
  creek, 
  Cranberry 
  creek, 
  Butterfield 
  lake- 
  

   Black 
  creek, 
  and 
  the 
  valleys 
  now 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  other 
  lakes 
  be- 
  

   longing 
  there, 
  whi^e 
  IMullet 
  creek 
  valley 
  drained 
  the 
  other 
  way; 
  on 
  

   the 
  Theresa 
  the 
  valley 
  into 
  which 
  the 
  Indian 
  river 
  breaks 
  at 
  Theresa 
  

   village 
  seems 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  easterly 
  drainage, 
  while 
  the 
  remain- 
  

   der 
  of 
  the 
  valleys 
  on 
  the 
  quadrangle 
  carried 
  water 
  to 
  the 
  westward 
  

   drainage. 
  

  

  The 
  valleys 
  excepted, 
  the 
  prominent 
  topographic 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  

   region 
  is 
  the 
  rock 
  cliffs, 
  usually 
  low, 
  which 
  mark 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  out- 
  

   crop 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  formations, 
  and 
  which 
  owe 
  most 
  of 
  their 
  pres- 
  

   ent 
  relief 
  to 
  the 
  wear 
  which 
  followed 
  the 
  considerable 
  uplift. 
  In 
  

   general, 
  each 
  rock 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  is 
  somewhat 
  less 
  resistant 
  

   to 
  wear 
  than 
  the 
  formation 
  beneath 
  and 
  somewhat 
  more 
  so 
  than 
  

   the 
  formation 
  above. 
  Hence 
  the 
  overlying 
  formation 
  tends 
  to 
  be 
  

   slowly 
  stripped 
  away 
  from 
  that 
  beneath, 
  which 
  yields 
  more 
  slowly 
  

   and, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  nearly 
  horizontal 
  attitude 
  of 
  the 
  rocks, 
  remains 
  

   as 
  a 
  comparatively 
  flat 
  terrace, 
  above 
  whose 
  level 
  stands 
  the 
  re- 
  

   ceding 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  overlying 
  formation^ 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  opposite 
  di- 
  

   rection 
  the 
  lower 
  formation 
  has 
  its 
  terrace 
  terminated 
  by 
  a 
  similar 
  

   front 
  which 
  drops 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  next 
  under- 
  

   lying. 
  Each 
  formation 
  then 
  shows 
  a 
  receding 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  sort, 
  

   the 
  Theresa 
  above 
  the 
  Potsdam, 
  the 
  Pamelia 
  above 
  the 
  Theresa 
  and 
  

   so 
  on. 
  Because 
  of 
  the 
  greater 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  formations 
  the 
  

   Trenton 
  and 
  Pamelia 
  fronts 
  are 
  the 
  highest 
  and 
  the 
  most 
  conspicu- 
  

   ous 
  as 
  topographic 
  features. 
  The 
  Trenton 
  front 
  only 
  gets 
  within 
  

   the 
  map 
  limits 
  in 
  the 
  extreme 
  southeast 
  corner 
  of 
  the 
  Theresa 
  

   sheet, 
  but 
  the 
  Pamelia 
  front 
  can 
  be 
  followed 
  as 
  a 
  cliff 
  of 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  prominence 
  across 
  the 
  Theresa 
  and 
  Clayton 
  quadrangles, 
  until 
  

   the 
  formation 
  is 
  lost 
  beneath 
  the 
  river. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  kind 
  of 
  topog- 
  

   raphy 
  invariably 
  produced 
  when 
  a 
  district 
  of 
  nearly 
  horizontal 
  

   rock 
  formations 
  of 
  varying 
  resistance 
  is 
  being 
  worn 
  down, 
  but 
  the 
  

   general 
  type 
  is 
  magnificently 
  illustrated 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  here. 
  

  

  