﻿l8 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  and 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  other, 
  remaining 
  throughout 
  an 
  area 
  of 
  small 
  

   subsidence. 
  

  

  The 
  deposits 
  laid 
  down 
  in 
  this 
  depression 
  are 
  of 
  upper 
  Stones 
  

   River 
  age 
  and 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Pamelia 
  limestone 
  is 
  proposed 
  for 
  

   this 
  New 
  York 
  phase 
  of 
  the 
  formation. 
  Locally 
  it 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  

   the 
  " 
  blue 
  limestone 
  " 
  though 
  the 
  local 
  name 
  commonly 
  includes 
  

   the 
  overlying 
  Lowville 
  limestone 
  as 
  well. 
  A 
  thin, 
  basal 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  appears, 
  after 
  which 
  follow 
  alternating 
  black, 
  blue 
  and 
  

   gray 
  limestone 
  beds, 
  then 
  the 
  black 
  limestone 
  disappears 
  and 
  

   white, 
  earthy 
  limestone 
  alternates 
  with 
  the 
  others. 
  During 
  the 
  

   deposit 
  of 
  this 
  upper 
  portion 
  the 
  waters 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  become 
  

   shut 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  open 
  sea, 
  by 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  some 
  shoal 
  or 
  

   reef 
  as 
  a 
  barrier, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  lagoon 
  thus 
  formed 
  water 
  lime 
  was 
  

   deposited, 
  the 
  waters 
  often 
  evaporating 
  sufficiently 
  to 
  expose 
  

   wide 
  mud 
  flats 
  which 
  dried 
  and 
  cracked 
  under 
  the 
  sun's 
  influence. 
  

   The 
  marine 
  fauna 
  found 
  these 
  conditions 
  uncongenial 
  and 
  disap- 
  

   peared, 
  though 
  returning 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  for 
  a 
  brief 
  space 
  with 
  

   fresh 
  influx 
  of 
  water 
  from 
  the 
  sea 
  outside. 
  Deposition 
  became 
  

   intermittent 
  and 
  eventually 
  ceased 
  and 
  some 
  slight 
  wear 
  oc- 
  

   curred 
  locally. 
  

  

  Lowville, 
  Watertown 
  and 
  Trenton 
  limestones. 
  Subsidence 
  

   then 
  recommenced, 
  and 
  upon 
  this 
  slightly 
  worn 
  Pamelia 
  surface 
  

   the 
  dove-colored 
  limestones 
  of 
  the 
  Lowville 
  formation 
  were 
  laid 
  

   down. 
  The 
  Lowville 
  submergence 
  was 
  somewhat 
  more 
  exten- 
  

   sive 
  than 
  the 
  Pamelia, 
  since 
  the 
  former 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  

   valley 
  while 
  the 
  latter 
  does 
  not. 
  And 
  though 
  both 
  formations 
  

   occur 
  along 
  the 
  Black 
  river 
  valley 
  it 
  seems 
  probable 
  diat 
  the 
  

   Lowville 
  sea 
  encroached 
  more 
  widely 
  upon 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  

   which 
  lay 
  to 
  the 
  eastward. 
  

  

  The 
  Lowville 
  is 
  a 
  quite 
  pure 
  limestone 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part, 
  and 
  

   carries 
  a 
  much 
  more 
  abundant 
  and 
  varied 
  marine 
  fauna 
  than 
  do 
  

   any 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  rocks. 
  Above 
  it 
  lies 
  a 
  more 
  massive, 
  cherty 
  lime- 
  

   stone, 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  main 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  Lowville 
  by 
  an 
  un- 
  

   conformity, 
  which 
  we 
  are 
  calling 
  the 
  Leray 
  limestone, 
  and 
  classing 
  

   as 
  an 
  upper 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  Lowville. 
  Above 
  this, 
  also 
  with 
  an 
  

   unconformity 
  between, 
  comes 
  a 
  similar 
  massive 
  limestone, 
  without 
  

   chert, 
  which 
  we 
  are 
  proposing 
  to 
  call 
  the 
  Watertown 
  limestone. 
  

   The 
  Watertown 
  and 
  Leray 
  limestones 
  taken 
  together 
  are 
  known 
  in 
  

   the 
  region 
  as 
  the 
  Black 
  River 
  limestone, 
  the 
  Leray 
  being 
  locally 
  

   more 
  like 
  the 
  Watertown 
  than 
  like 
  the 
  Lowville 
  in 
  character. 
  Be- 
  

   cause 
  of 
  this, 
  and 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  small 
  thickness 
  (about 
  lo 
  feet 
  

   each), 
  we 
  have 
  felt 
  constrained 
  to 
  map 
  them 
  together. 
  They 
  carry 
  

  

  