﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THOUSAND 
  ISLANDS 
  REGION 
  87 
  

  

  the 
  two 
  massive 
  beds 
  of 
  Leray 
  limestone 
  which 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  

   view 
  is 
  absent 
  in 
  most 
  sections, 
  as 
  in 
  plate 
  20, 
  where 
  the 
  basal 
  

   Leray 
  bed 
  is 
  the 
  equivalent 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  bed 
  of 
  plate 
  22. 
  In 
  addi- 
  

   tion 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Lowville 
  shown 
  in 
  plate 
  221 
  is 
  absent 
  in 
  other 
  sec- 
  

   tions, 
  the 
  top 
  Lowville 
  bed 
  in 
  plate 
  20 
  being 
  the 
  equivalent 
  of 
  the 
  

   basal 
  bed 
  of 
  plate 
  22. 
  

  

  The 
  Watertown 
  limestone 
  is 
  a 
  solid 
  bank 
  of 
  dark 
  bluish 
  gray 
  to 
  

   black 
  limestone, 
  with 
  rather 
  indistinct 
  bedding 
  planes, 
  very 
  hard 
  

   when 
  fresh, 
  showing 
  numerous 
  small 
  calcite 
  crystals 
  (crinoid 
  

   joints) 
  and 
  a 
  fine 
  reticulation 
  from 
  mud 
  seams 
  and 
  many 
  worm 
  

   tubes. 
  The 
  mud 
  seams 
  or 
  the 
  earthy 
  intergrowth 
  causes 
  the 
  rock 
  to 
  

   break 
  up 
  most 
  typically 
  in 
  small 
  blocks. 
  

  

  When 
  fresh 
  the 
  Leray 
  and 
  Watertown 
  limestones, 
  especially 
  the 
  

   Seven 
  foot 
  tier, 
  furnish 
  very 
  large 
  blocks. 
  They 
  are 
  for 
  this 
  rea- 
  

   son 
  still 
  extensively 
  quarried 
  at 
  Chaumont 
  where 
  at 
  present 
  the 
  im- 
  

   mense 
  blocks 
  required 
  for 
  harbor 
  improvements 
  at 
  Oswego 
  and 
  

   other 
  cities 
  along 
  the 
  Great 
  Lakes 
  are 
  obtained. 
  

  

  The 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  1^-2 
  feet 
  of 
  black, 
  knotty, 
  impure 
  limestone 
  

   which 
  overlie 
  the 
  Seven 
  foot 
  tier 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  irregular 
  

   contact 
  from 
  the 
  overlying 
  horizontally 
  bedded 
  Trenton, 
  indicates 
  

   that 
  also 
  this 
  bed 
  should 
  be 
  properly 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  Watertown 
  

   formation. 
  

  

  The 
  Seven 
  foot 
  tier 
  and 
  the 
  just 
  mentioned 
  top 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  Water- 
  

   town 
  formation 
  owe 
  tlieir 
  deep 
  black 
  color 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  amount 
  of 
  

   organic 
  matter 
  in 
  the 
  rock. 
  This 
  saturation 
  with 
  organic 
  matter 
  shows 
  

   itself 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  petroleum 
  in 
  the 
  rock. 
  In 
  the 
  large 
  

   quarries 
  at 
  Chaumont 
  endoceratites 
  and 
  other 
  cephalopods 
  have 
  

   been 
  found 
  whose 
  chambers 
  were 
  partly 
  filled 
  with 
  petroleum 
  and 
  

   the 
  writer 
  was 
  in 
  a 
  cellar 
  in 
  the 
  hotel 
  in 
  Black 
  River 
  village 
  above 
  

   Watertown 
  that 
  is 
  cut 
  in 
  the 
  Watertown 
  limestone 
  and 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  petroleum 
  is 
  constantly 
  oozing 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  cellar 
  walls 
  m 
  such 
  

   quantities 
  that 
  the 
  floor 
  is 
  constantly 
  covered 
  with 
  the 
  oil 
  and 
  gal- 
  

   lons 
  of 
  it 
  are 
  taken 
  out 
  for 
  cleaning 
  and 
  oiling 
  purposes. 
  The 
  top 
  

   layer 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  especially 
  strongly 
  bituminous, 
  and 
  gives 
  

   off 
  a 
  strong 
  odor 
  when 
  struck 
  with 
  the 
  hammer. 
  

  

  The 
  upper 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  Black 
  River 
  group 
  of 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  

   Watertown 
  have 
  become 
  world 
  famous 
  among 
  paleontologists 
  by 
  the 
  

   fine 
  preservation 
  and 
  size 
  of 
  their 
  cephalopods, 
  some 
  of 
  which, 
  notably 
  

   Gonioceras 
  anceps, 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  found 
  elsewhere. 
  It 
  is 
  

   essentially 
  a 
  cephalopod 
  f 
  acies. 
  The 
  straight 
  conchs 
  of 
  H 
  o 
  r 
  m 
  o 
  - 
  

   ceras 
  tenuifilum 
  with 
  their 
  large 
  pearly 
  siphuncles, 
  are 
  es- 
  

   pecially 
  common 
  on 
  the 
  many 
  ice-polished 
  rock 
  surfaces 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  