﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THOUSAND 
  ISLANDS 
  REGION 
  121 
  

  

  Ruedemann 
  has 
  mapped 
  two 
  small 
  faults 
  on 
  the 
  Clayton 
  and 
  

   Cape 
  Vincent 
  sheets 
  and 
  furnishes 
  the 
  following 
  description: 
  

  

  In 
  Chaumont 
  village 
  (Clayton 
  sheet) 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  outlier 
  of 
  Tren- 
  

   ton 
  limestone, 
  immediately 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  which, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  

   level, 
  is 
  Watertown 
  limestone. 
  The 
  relations 
  are 
  best 
  seen 
  

   about 
  the 
  viaduct 
  on 
  the 
  Depauville 
  road 
  and 
  along 
  the 
  railway 
  

   immediately 
  to 
  the 
  east. 
  Under 
  the 
  viaduct 
  is 
  Watertown 
  

   limestone. 
  Along 
  the 
  railroad 
  is 
  Trenton 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  level, 
  

   with 
  a 
  cut 
  which 
  shows 
  steeply 
  dipping 
  Trenton, 
  the 
  dip 
  being 
  

   away 
  from 
  the 
  Watertown 
  and 
  apparently 
  due 
  to 
  drag 
  on 
  the 
  

   downthrow 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  fault. 
  The 
  fault 
  downthrows 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  

   with 
  a 
  throw 
  just 
  sufficient 
  to 
  preserve 
  the 
  small 
  patch 
  of 
  Tren- 
  

   ton 
  on 
  the 
  downthrow 
  side. 
  Its 
  trend 
  is 
  substantially 
  parallel 
  to 
  

   the 
  road, 
  or 
  about 
  northeast. 
  

  

  On 
  Carleton 
  island 
  (Cape 
  Vincent 
  sheet) 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  a 
  

   fault 
  cutting 
  off 
  the 
  small 
  western 
  promontory, 
  which 
  consists 
  of 
  

   Watertown 
  limestone, 
  is 
  suggested 
  by 
  the 
  depression 
  which 
  

   separates 
  the 
  promontory 
  from 
  the 
  mainland, 
  within 
  which 
  no 
  

   rock 
  shows, 
  and 
  which 
  is 
  faced 
  by 
  a 
  rock 
  cliff 
  on 
  each 
  side, 
  a 
  high 
  

   Trenton 
  cliff 
  on 
  the 
  main 
  island 
  side 
  and 
  a 
  lower 
  cliff 
  of 
  Water- 
  

   town 
  on 
  the 
  other. 
  A 
  small 
  fault 
  along 
  the 
  depression, 
  with 
  down- 
  

   throw 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  is 
  thus 
  indicated. 
  

  

  TOPOGRAPHY 
  i 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  day 
  topography 
  is 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  erosional 
  forces 
  act- 
  

   ing 
  for 
  long 
  ages 
  upon 
  a 
  land 
  surface, 
  which 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  

   varied 
  in 
  altitude 
  and 
  which 
  underwent 
  climatic 
  changes. 
  The 
  char- 
  

   acter 
  of 
  the 
  erosion, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  resultant 
  topography 
  are 
  also 
  con- 
  

   ditioned 
  upon 
  the 
  character, 
  attitude 
  and 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  rocks 
  

   comprising 
  the 
  region. 
  We 
  have 
  some 
  slight 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  

   changes 
  in 
  altitude 
  of 
  the 
  region. 
  The 
  climate 
  has 
  certainly 
  varied 
  

   much, 
  both 
  in 
  respect 
  to 
  temperature 
  and 
  to 
  humidity, 
  with, 
  in 
  quite 
  

   recent 
  times, 
  the 
  climatic 
  rigor 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  period. 
  The 
  erosional 
  

   forces, 
  as 
  always, 
  have 
  been 
  in 
  part 
  atmospheric, 
  but 
  chiefly 
  those 
  

   of 
  moving 
  water 
  and 
  ice. 
  

  

  During 
  paleozoic 
  times 
  the 
  region 
  was, 
  when 
  not 
  submerged, 
  one 
  

   of 
  low 
  altitude. 
  It 
  was 
  uplifted 
  somewhat 
  at 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  Paleo- 
  

   zoic, 
  and 
  during 
  Mesozoic 
  time 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  worn 
  down 
  to 
  a 
  

   comparatively 
  even 
  surface 
  of 
  low 
  altitude, 
  in 
  common 
  with 
  much 
  

   of 
  the 
  eastern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  continent. 
  During 
  the 
  succeeding 
  Ter- 
  

   tiary 
  it 
  participated 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  uplift 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  region, 
  and 
  its 
  

   present 
  relief 
  is 
  chiefly 
  a 
  product 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  wear. 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  iBy 
  H. 
  P. 
  Gushing. 
  

  

  