﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THOUSAND 
  ISLANDS 
  REGION 
  I33 
  

  

  berry 
  is 
  surrounded 
  by 
  quartzite 
  and 
  granite 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  known 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  limestone 
  in 
  the 
  bed. 
  

  

  Whether 
  these 
  basins 
  were 
  dug 
  out 
  by 
  ice, 
  or 
  have 
  resulted 
  from 
  

   warping, 
  we 
  are 
  unable 
  to 
  say. 
  In 
  either 
  case 
  we 
  can 
  not 
  see 
  why 
  

   no 
  lake 
  was 
  formed 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  which 
  heads 
  at 
  Browns 
  Corners, 
  

   and 
  is 
  of 
  identical 
  type 
  with 
  the 
  others. 
  The 
  extreme 
  head 
  of 
  

   a 
  valley 
  up 
  which 
  the 
  ice 
  was 
  moving 
  would 
  seem 
  an 
  unlikely 
  place 
  

   for 
  it 
  to 
  dig. 
  Solution 
  of 
  limestone 
  may 
  have 
  aided 
  in 
  the 
  forma- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  basins. 
  Though 
  we 
  are 
  unable 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  

   them 
  to 
  our 
  satisfaction, 
  their 
  localization 
  seems 
  to 
  us 
  unquestion- 
  

   ably 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  localization 
  of 
  the 
  especial 
  type 
  of 
  valley 
  heads 
  in 
  

   which 
  they 
  occur. 
  

  

  Underground 
  drainage 
  

   It 
  has 
  previously 
  been 
  shown 
  how, 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  soluble 
  limestones 
  

   of 
  the 
  district, 
  chiefly 
  the 
  Black 
  River 
  and 
  upper 
  Lowville, 
  rain 
  

   water 
  widens 
  the 
  joint 
  cracks 
  by 
  solution, 
  and 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  

   water 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  passes 
  down 
  through 
  these 
  fissures 
  to 
  under- 
  

   ground 
  flow 
  [pi. 
  26 
  and 
  27]. 
  The 
  Leray 
  limestone 
  is 
  more 
  soluble 
  

   than 
  the 
  Lowville 
  and 
  the 
  chief 
  underground 
  drainage 
  of 
  the 
  

   region 
  is 
  in 
  Leray 
  districts, 
  the 
  underground 
  waters 
  running 
  

   along 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  Lowville, 
  slowly 
  enlarging 
  

   their 
  channels 
  by 
  solution. 
  But 
  there 
  are 
  also 
  underground 
  waters 
  

   in 
  the 
  Lowville 
  the 
  upper 
  beds 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  more 
  soluble 
  than 
  those 
  

   beneath. 
  Even 
  in 
  the 
  Theresa 
  formation 
  similar 
  action 
  is 
  at 
  times 
  

   seen. 
  In 
  plate 
  35 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  bared 
  Theresa 
  surfaces 
  in 
  the 
  bed 
  

   of 
  a 
  brook, 
  with 
  joints 
  considerably 
  enlarged 
  by 
  solution, 
  sufficiently 
  

   so 
  to 
  allow 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  the 
  creek 
  to 
  entirely 
  disappear 
  through 
  

   them, 
  to 
  emerge 
  a 
  few 
  yards 
  away 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  shown 
  in 
  

   plate 
  15, 
  the 
  cliff 
  being 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  rock 
  wall 
  of 
  a 
  somewhat 
  filled 
  

   Tertiary 
  valley, 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Chaumont 
  river. 
  During 
  the 
  spring 
  

   floods 
  the 
  underground 
  channel 
  can 
  not 
  care 
  for 
  the 
  entire 
  flow, 
  and 
  

   part 
  of 
  it 
  remains 
  at 
  the 
  surface, 
  flowing 
  over 
  the 
  rock 
  exposed 
  in 
  

   the 
  view. 
  In 
  the 
  Leray 
  and 
  Watertown 
  limestone 
  districts 
  are 
  many 
  

   stream 
  beds 
  of 
  bare 
  rock, 
  totally 
  dry 
  throughout 
  the 
  summer, 
  with 
  

   their 
  waters 
  underground, 
  but 
  showing 
  plainly 
  the 
  incapacity 
  of 
  the 
  

   underground 
  channel 
  to 
  care 
  for 
  flood 
  waters, 
  which 
  flow 
  in 
  part 
  at 
  

   the 
  surface, 
  and 
  keep 
  the 
  beds 
  thoroughly 
  washed 
  out. 
  Examples 
  of 
  

   such 
  are 
  the 
  creek 
  coming 
  into 
  the 
  Black 
  river 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  at 
  

   Felts 
  Mills 
  (southeast 
  corner 
  of 
  Theresa 
  sheet), 
  and 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  

   Philomel 
  creek 
  near 
  Brownville. 
  Much 
  underground 
  water 
  comes 
  

   into 
  the 
  Black 
  river, 
  all 
  across 
  the 
  district. 
  

  

  