FOURTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I907 23 



but the carriage of erratic material and the relative distribution of 

 the drift in certain localities, leave the westward flow beyond 

 question. A still more striking confirmation is found in connection 

 with the Schoharie valley. On the east side of the lower Schoharie 

 within this district, the drift is a very massive till and outcrops of 

 the bed rock are almost absent. In fact that section of the Scho- 

 harie valley from Esperance to Fort Hunter was filled with till to 

 a remarkable extent and the postglacial excavations by the stream 

 have produced a singularly interesting series of topographic forms 

 normal to river action. On the west of the Schoharie on the con- 

 trary, outcrops of the bed rock are everywhere present, the drift is 

 very thin, ledges and glaciated benches are frequent and the region 

 gives every evidence of having been powerfully scoured. These 

 conditions as between east and west are exactly what would be 

 expected from a westward moving glacier, passing over the hills in 

 the neighborhood of Minaville, dumping and filling in the valley 

 transverse to its course, and drifting powerfully against the edges 

 of the exposed striae west of the stream, cleaning away the drift 

 and giving to the whole topography a characteristic glacial expression. 

 It should be remembered, however, that these striae and other evi- 

 dences of a westward flow only determine the last glacial conditions 

 of the area. What earlier flows there may have been and what their 

 directions were, must for the present, and perhaps always, be left 

 to conjecture. 



As above indicated, the valleys drained by the Sacandaga dis- 

 tributaries permitted a considerable glacier to flow southward out of 

 the mountain region and the striae, while not so numerous as in 

 the Mohawk region, are sufficient in number and distributed in such 

 a manner as to leave no doubt of the directions already described. 

 Two localities of striae about 4 miles southeast of Batchellerville 

 show gradings of a south-southwest direction, belonging evidently 

 to this Sacandaga or southern Adirondack movement, which was 

 quite at right angles to the northwestward movement already noted 

 in the neighborhood of Galway. 



Intcrlobafc moraine. One of the most interesting glacial develop- 

 ments in the entire district is a belt of sand hills extending across 

 the Gloversville and Broadalbin quadrangles from Glovcrsville 

 westward over Cliff hill and eastward toward Broadalbin, Haga- 

 dorn's Mills and Barkersville. This grade moraine is in many parts 

 massive, from i to 2 miles wide, hills sometimes low and spreading 

 and other times loftv and massive, more often with constructional 



