26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



drumlins are conspicuous for groups of large boulders turned on 

 their eastern slopes. The axis of the drumlins is in a way east- 

 west but within the field of the Sacandaga glacier some of them 

 tend towards the northeast-southwest direction as do the drumlin- 

 oid forms about Mayfield. Thus the drumlins and drumlinoids 

 fall into perfect harmony in direction of trend with the glacial 

 striae. The till of many of these drumlins is comparatively light 

 and sandy but this may be said also of the ground moraine in gen- 

 eral in the vicinity of the crystalline rocks. Indeed the ground 

 moraine everywhere in the region follows the usual law of glacial 

 deposits in showing the close kinship to the bed rocks from which 

 it has been so largely derived. This has a conspicuous bearing on 

 the agriculture of the region and it will be found, for example, that 

 the drift around Johnstown partakes especially of the character of 

 the underlying black shales and the soils are consequently rich and 

 the region agriculturally prosperous. A similar belt, productive for 

 the same reason, is found south of the Mohawk river for a width 

 of 4 or 5 miles in the vicinity of Scotch Church, Minaville and 

 Glenville. On the higher sandstone hills the drift, as already in- 

 dicated, is not only thin but partakes of the poverty of the sand- 

 stones so far as its productive capacity is concerned. 



Lake deposits. Some of the most interesting accumulations of 

 the district were made in standing water. These include small 

 areas of high level ^sands, evidently in pools or lakelets sustained 

 by retaining walls of ice. An example of this is found west of 

 Hagadorn's Mills, a tablelike deposit which has been cut in two by 

 the waters of the Kenneatta. Another of these level sand deposits 

 likewise dissected by a stream, is found southwestward from Bene- 

 dict and another conspicuous example lies just westward from Edin- 

 burg. In the eastern part of Gloversville is an area of flat or gentle 

 sloping sands or clays which are doubtfully interpreted as deposits 

 of a lake surrounded by a glacial moraine and waning glacial ice. 



Deposits of Lake Sacandaga. This name is given to a body of 

 water which evidently occupied the depression now known as the 

 Great Vly. Its water was apparently held in place by the massive 

 drift in the region of the interlobate moraine and by the receding 

 ice of the Sacandaga in the direction of Batchellerville and Conklin- 

 ville. The basal deposits of the Vly are undoubtedly sediments of 

 this lake overlain by large accumulations of swamp and vegetable 

 material. The most interesting and distinctly formed delta or the 

 district vvas built by the issuing waters of the Sacandaga glacier 



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