FOURTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I907 59 



study of fossil fishes, we may be allowed to recommend all such 

 to read the lives of Louis Agassiz and Hugh Miller, especially the 

 recent character study of the latter by Mr Mackenzie (1906). An 

 answer is recorded there so plainly that he who runs may read. 

 Wherever the work of Miller is remembered and appreciated, it is not 

 for the value of his discoveries, nor for his contributions to science, 

 but for the native shrewdness, clearness, intensity and discernment 

 with which he drew philosophical conclusions from the study of 

 nature. And his impulse in this direction was first quickened and 

 set in motion by his discovery of fish-bearing nodules in the Old Red 

 sandstone of the north of Scotland. We can not forbear in this 

 connection to quote the following passage from an address delivered 

 a few years ago by M. Albert Gaudry, president of one of the 

 sections of the French Academy: 



" Quand on passe a Cromarty, dans le Nord de I'l^cosse, on aper- 

 qoit une colonne erigee en I'honneur de I'ouvrier carrier Hugh Miller ; 

 en cassant des pierres, I'ouvrier de Cromarty admirait qu'on y 

 trouvat des creatures fossiles, et il en tirait des pensees si hautes 

 qu' il est devenu un des paleontologistes celebres de la Grande-Bre- 

 tagne. Beaucoup de gens sont comme Miller : c'est chose etonnante 

 que I'ardeur avec laquelle, dans tous les pays du monde, on brise les 

 roches pour surprendre les secrets des temps passes : batis hier, les 

 Musees de paleontologie sont aujourd' hui trop petits." 



Graptolites of New York. At this writing the second volume 

 (Memoir 11) of the monograph of the Graptolites, prepared by Dr 

 Rudolf Ruedemann is leaving the press. Volume i (Memoir 7) 

 on the species of the earlier rocks was issued in 1905. The present 

 work embraces the later forms and completes the subject embracing 

 most if not all species reported from the United States of this 

 interesting and long extinct group of organisms. In this volume 

 there are altogether 149 species and varieties of graptolites described. 

 The greater part of these come from the upper part of the Lower 

 Siluric (Champlainic), the great majority from the Trenton shales; 

 a smaller part from the Siluric zones distinguished in the upper part 

 of the Lower Siluric, which broadly correspond to the Black river 

 — lower Trenton, middle — upper Trenton, Utica and Lorraine 

 beds. All of these can be correlated with well known Euro- 

 pean zones. 



In view of the fact that the slate belt of eastern New York has 

 furnished a practically complete succession of graptolitc beds, ex- 

 tending from the top of the Cambric to nearly the top of the Lower 

 Siluric, the conditions of deposition of graptolite beds are fully 

 investigated and the conclusion reached that graptolitc shales are, 

 as a rule, deposited i'l the same region for longer intervals than 

 most other fossiliferous rocks. This leads to the inference of the 



