SPRATT — BULGARIA. 



7^ 



the termination of the Balkan range, we have these strata appearing 

 almost vertical, under the monastery that stands upon the Cape. 

 The strata dip here to the northward, as seen in the accompanying 

 sketch (fig. 2), taken from the sea while passing. 



Cape Emeneh. 



Fig. 2. — Section at Cape Emeneh. 



Some two or three valleys were briefly examined by me on the 

 south side of the Cape towards Monembasia ; but I could find no 

 fossils in the shales at either of them. In mineral character they 

 greatly resemble the shales of the Bosphorus. 



The shores of the Gulf of Bourgas, from Monembasia to Bourgas, 

 are lined with low flat hills, composed of red unfossiliferous marls, 

 from 40 to 60 feet in thickness, and apparently of recent and per- 

 haps volcanic origin, since on the south shore of the gulf there are 

 evident volcanic productions, which appear to be partially of a late 

 geological age. 



The Island of Anastasia (or Papas, as it is sometimes called, from 

 the monastery upon it) is composed of an indurated volcanic mud, 

 which contains quartz-crystals, like a porphyry. It is of a reddish or 

 rusty-grey colour, and is stratified ; but with irregular strata. The 

 points and the coast adjacent to the island, and to the westward, are 

 composed of yellowish and brown marly sand, about 30 feet in thick- 

 ness, overlying reddish volcanic rocks, similar to those of Anastasia ; 

 with conglomerates of serpentine and other igneous productions. 

 The reddish marls overling the latter seem to have been derived 

 from the waste of the volcanic rocks ; and to have been deposited 

 in quiet but muddy waters. 



The point to the east of St. Anastasia, towards Liziopoli, as well 

 as the hills south of it, are composed entirely of granite, and pro- 

 bably are of much older origin than the serpentine- conglomerates and 

 the indurated and contorted strata of the Island of Anastasia. 



Varna Bay and the Lakes at AUahdyn. — Returning to the neigh- 

 bourhood of Varna, — the clifl's are composed of the yellow and white 

 calcareous strata and sandy marls, here containing abundant fossils ; 

 chiefly the casts of marine shells, both univalves and bivalves ; but 

 the specimens are too fragile to be preserved. There are, however, 

 Oysters and Pectens perfect. I could find no Nummulitoid shells 

 in the deposits immediately around Varna ; but at the upper part of 

 the lake near Allahdyn, where the formation seems to be the same 

 in general mineralogical age, character and size, Nummulites are most 

 abundant ; particularly in the cliff close to the watering-place of the 

 Light Division, when encamped there. Over Kepedjeh also, on the 



