/b PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



thin strata, which are replete with freshwater shells, associated some- 

 times with the above-mentioned Cardium. 



These are also from 150 to 200 feet in thickness, and the fossils 

 belong to the genera Vlanorhis, Limncea, Paludina, Cyrena, and 

 Cyclas ?, with abundant specimens of Helix in the upper 40 or 50 

 feet of the series. The whole is capped by a fragment of reddish 

 earthy marl, only a few feet thick. 



Capt. Spratt also remarks, — 



I have satisfaction in stating that my idea of the reddish and grey 

 sands and marls of the Dobrudcha (Kustenjeh, &c.) being of fresh- 

 water instead of marine origin or "drift" was made somewhat more 

 evident by a recent examination and visit to Kustenjeh, where I found 

 the lower bed of grey marl or clay to contain a fragment of an Ele- 



Fig. 4. — Section of the Strata at Kustenjeh^ Black Sea. 



a. — 4 to 6 feet of oolitic yellowish-white limestone with fossils, probablya mem- 

 ber of the nummulitic series, and very like the Varna and Sebastopol rocks. 

 (This was not seen by me in 1853.) It dips 8° or 10° to the N.E. 



b. — 12 to 15 feet of unconformable greyish marl or clay, with an Elephant's tusk. 



c. — Gypseous bands with casts of Cyclas or Cyrena. 



d. — 25 to 30 feet of reddish marl, with nodules of gypseous crystals, but no fossils. 

 It passes into 



<e. — About 12 feet of reddish-black earthy clay, which is without apparent stratifi- 

 cation, except of colour, and passes into 



fandg. — Reddish-grey and whitish-grey sandy marl, from 20 to 30 feet thick, 

 very like the alluvial mud formed by the Danube, and without fossils. 



h. — Superficial soil with pottery. 



This section gives a good idea of the soft superficial deposits extending through 



the Dobrudcha. 



Rissoa, Cardium, &c. 

 lowing is the list : — 



There are also numerous Foraminifera, of which the fol- 



Lagena. 



Entosaienia. 



Rosalina Beccarii. 



Nonionina granosa. 



Polystomella crispa (presenting 

 numerous varieties, and consti- 

 tuting the majority of the fora- 

 minifers in this deposit). 

 Excepting the Articulina, these Foraminifera appear to be those commonly 

 met with in shallow waters, — Ed. Q. G. J. 



Textularia. 



Amorphina {Parker, MS.). 



Spiroloculina. 



QuinquelocuUna. 



Triloculina. 



Articulina. 



