1857.] SALTER LONGMYND FOSSILS. 201 



specimens came from tlience. There are evidences of the burrows 

 of Arenicola {Arenicolites), of a different species from that formerly 

 described, and it occurs both of large and small size. They are found 

 on the wave-marked surfaces in the greatest profusion, hundreds of 

 burrows being often crowded in the space of a square inch ; or they 

 are more widely set and of a larger size, when they frequently are 

 placed most distinctly in pairs, indicating the exit- and entrance- 

 holes to the burrows. 



We have evidence in these beds too of the action of the waves in 

 obliterating the burrows ; and in fig. 1, PI. V., may be seen a not un- 

 frequent case, where the rasping action of the surf has only spared 

 those burrows which lay in the shelter of the ripple-hollows. 



That the strand was a level shore left dry at low tides, and that 

 the surface was dried by the sun, is abundantly shown by the innu- 

 merable sun-cracks (figs. 9 & 10) which traverse the surfaces. These 

 cracks when broad, as they often are, reveal the lighter-coloured 

 sand beneath the filmy coating of dark mud on which the Annelida 

 holes show themselves. There are, besides, rain-prints in abundance 

 on some of these surfaces. 



No. 4. The same phsenomena, at least the wave-marks and the 

 annelide-holes, are observable in the bands of red slate which overlie 

 the beds No. 3 ; scarcely a fragment could be broken in the rocky 

 knolls a little above the Carding-mill without showing them in pro- 

 fusion. It is the same further north in the Batch valley, and south- 

 wards in several localities, even as far as Choultou bridge, on the 

 Onny River. 



No. 6. Again, in the hard, grey, and rippled beds of Light-Spout 

 Waterfall, mentioned in the former paper, !Mr. Rhind found the 

 annelides. 



In a journey across the eastern portion of the Longmynd, in 

 company with my friends, Messrs. Lightbody and Cocking, of Lud- 

 low, we found them at intervals all the way, until they ended with 

 the sandstones of the Portway itself. The total thickness, there- 

 fore, of the fossiliferous beds cannot be less than a mile, as above 

 stated. 



In one particular we have been unfortunate. No further traces 

 of the crustacean called Falceopyge (vol. xii. pi. 4. f. 3) have been 

 met with, though they were diligently sought for in the locality which 

 produced them last year. I do not on that account consider there 

 is any reasonable doubt as to the nature of the fossil. I have shown 

 it to many scientific observers, and all agreed that it was organic : the 

 evidence therefore remains as before. 



Wave-marks and (TFindl) Ripples. PI. V. figs. 5-8. 



The marks of tidal flows or currents are very numerous and per- 

 fect, generally in broad hollows and elevations, but occasionally in 

 quite regular transverse ridges which alternate or inosculate, as they 

 do now on the sea-shore (fig. 5). 



Besides these larger undulations, the surface is frequently rippled 

 by smaller and finer ridges, which either represent the quiet action 



