328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [April 8, 



the chapter upon Mastodon angustidens in the ' British Fossil Mam- 

 malia ' would convey a very exaggerated notion of the English re- 

 mains as they are ordinarily met with, hut that the author takes care 

 to apprise his readers that it is derived from Kaup's figure of the 

 Eppelsheim species. No good specimen of the lower jaw, so far as 

 I am aware, has yet been found in Britain ; nor have any of the large 

 bones of the extremities been identified, although it is more than 

 probable that such do exist in the numerous collections which have 

 been formed in Norfolk and Suifolk. The pieces are usually more 

 or less mutilated ; aod it is clear that the bones have been broken 

 up before the fragments were deposited in the strata where they are 

 now found. Nothing approaching the remains of a perfect skeleton 

 has been seen in any one locality, with the exception of the notable 

 case recorded by the Rev. J. Lay ton, in which the entire skeleton of 

 a Mastodon is stated to have been found lying on its side stretched 

 out between the chalk and gravel, at Horstead near Norwich, on a 

 bed of marl. The bones in this instance were heedlessly broken 

 up by the workmen, or dispersed before any steps could be taken for 

 their preservation*. 



The molars or other fragments occur scattered and detached. Prof. 

 Owen mentions a well-preserved atlas of apparently Mastodon angus- 

 tidens as being preserved in the Ipswich Museumf. Mastodon mo- 

 lars have been found both in the Red Crag of Suffolk and in the Fluvio- 

 marine Crag of Norfolk and Suffolk ; in the former at Sutton and 

 Felixstow, in the latter at Postwick, Whitlingham, Thorpe, Horstead, 

 and Bramerton near Norwich, and at Easton near Southwold. Mr. 

 Charlesworth, in reference to their supposed rarity, mentions, that 

 within the twelve months preceding September 1851, upwards of a 

 dozen of Mastodon molars had been discovered, in washing the Crag 

 to get out the phosphatic nodules %- Prof. Owen notices their occur- 

 rence in the Crag-pits of Suffolk §. I am not aware that they have 

 yet been discovered in the Fluvio-marine Crag of Bridlington in York- 

 shire, nor in any of the freshwater deposits below the Drift, where re- 

 mains of Elephant and Hippopotamus are more or less abundant. 



It is no part of the object of this communication to describe 

 the numerous remains of Mastodon from the Crag, that are to be 

 met with in different English collections. All that is mtended, is 

 to determine what the species really is, and only such characteristic 

 specimens will be referred to as exist either in original or as casts in 

 public museums, or as have been so accurately figured and described 

 in works of authority as to be susceptible of satisfactory identification. 



First as regards the Molars. — The most perfect specimen that 

 has yet been discovered, is the famous Whitlingham tooth, which 

 forms the frontispiece of Mr. W. Smith's ' Strata Identified,' and of 

 which (reversed) a beautiful woodcut is given in fig. 97 of the 

 * British Fossil Mammalia.' It is also very carefully represented, 

 unreversed, both as regards the plan and profile views of the crown, 



* Fairholme's ' Geology of the Scriptures/ p. 281. 



t Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xii. p. 223. 



X Warren, * On Mastodon gigantem,' 2nd edit. p. 204. § Op. cit. p. 223. 



