1857.] FALCONER — MASTODON. 331 



side of the lower jaw, which, according to the label on the cast, was 

 found in the Crag of Suifolk (see Plate XII. figs. 3, 4). It is a 

 nearly unworn germ, measuring about 8^ inches long, by 3 in width 

 in front ; without fangs ; and the anterior ridge alone being slightly 

 touched by wear. It is composed of five ridges and a talon of two 

 mammillae. The anterior ridge shows two pairs of mammillce ; 

 the next four ridges present only two large conical mammillae each, 

 which converge rapidly towards the summit of the crown, and are 

 disposed in an alternate manner. One or more large accessory 

 mammillae are interposed between the ridges, blocking up valleys in 

 the manner described as characteristic of the species, and the ridges 

 are inclined with a slope which increases successively backwards. 

 The talon appears to have been composed of a pair of points, one 

 of which is mutilated on the inner side, and a small portion of the 

 back end of the tooth is wanting. The slope of the posterior ridges 

 is so pronounced as to approach nearly to the character of "im- 

 brication." In this respect the specimen closely resembles the Yal 

 d'Arno molar figured by Cuvier (Divers Mastodontes, pi. 4. f. 7), 

 which he describes as the last of the upper jaw* ; but it would seem, 

 from the foi'm .and contour, to be an entire germ of the last inferior 

 molar, and, in our opinion, of the same species as the Crag Mastodon, 

 namely M. (Tetraloph.) Arvernensis. 



A fragment composing the posterior half of the last inferior true 

 molar has been noticed and figured by Mr. S. Woodward f . It is 

 composed of seven prominent conical mammilla?, disposed in three 

 ridges, which contract very much behind, and terminate in an odd 

 talon-tubercle. These tubercles form two lines, an outer and inner, 

 and they are placed in regular alternation with each other. A 

 corresponding fragment, of which there is a cast in the Geological 

 Society's Museum, is represented by pi. 37- f. 9 & D'' of the ' Fauna 

 Antiqua Sivalensis.' The mammillse, in this case also, form two 

 alternate rows, each ridge being composed of a pair of points. 



The finest detached specimen of the Crag species that I have any- 

 where seen is a last lower molar, left side, found below the citadel 

 of Montpellier, and which has been figured and described by Ger- 

 vais X' Casts of this piece are to be met with in many of the prin- 

 cipal European Mnseums. It is of large size, being about 9y inches 

 long by 3^ wide at its anterior end, and consists of five principal 

 ridges and a double talon. The five anterior ridges are well-worn, 

 and exhibit the characteristic alternation of the discs in a very pro- 

 minent manner, nothing approaching which has ever been seen in 

 an Eppelsheim specimen. M. Gervais refers this tooth to his Mas- 

 todon brevirostris, as distinguished from Mastodon Arvernensis ; but 

 the grounds upon which he has attempted this separation are wholly 

 insufficient. 



The same peculiar characters in the alternate disposition of the 



* Oss.ross.4to edit. torn. i.p. 258. 

 t Mag. of Nat. Hist. 183G, vol.ix. p. 152, fig. 22. 



X Annales dcs Sciences Naturellcs., 3me st-r. t. v. p. 2G8, and Paleontol. Fran- 

 faise, p. 38, tab. 3. fig. 7. 



