332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [April 8, 



mammillae of the crown are finely exhibited in the last lower molar 

 of the nearly allied Indian 3/. (Tetralojih.) Sivalensis, as represented 

 in pL 37. f. 8 & 8* of the * Fauna Antiqua.' The specimens re- 

 semble each other so closely, that my colleague Sir Proby Cautley *, 

 in his earliest description, considered them to be identical species. 



If, on the other hand, we examine the equivalent teeth in the 

 lower jaw of M. (Tetralophodoii) longirostris of Eppelsheim, the 

 same differences as occur in the upper molars are constantly pre- 

 sented. The ridges are transverse, and the coronal eminences in a 

 greater number than a pair of mammillae, which latter, on the outer 

 and inner sides, are opposed, and not alternate. Figs. 1, 2, & 3 of 

 pi. 19. of Kaup's * Ossements Fossiles ' furnish excellent illustra- 

 tions. 



When these molars, upper and lower, are ground down by well- 

 advanced use, the alternation of the discs in the one species, and 

 their transversality in the other, become still more conspicuous. The 

 former character is exhibited in a very marked manner by figs. 1, 3, & 

 6 of Cuvier's pi. 4 of *' Divers Mastodontes," above referred to. All 

 the specimens are of Italian origin, being either from the Val d'Arno 

 or from the plains of Lombardy and Liguria. Cuvier remarks upon 

 one of them f (f. 6), that it is " remarquable par des festons plus 

 nombreux que dans les autres." They are all referable to M. {Tetra- 

 lophodoii) Ai'vernensis. The alternate disposition of the discs of 

 wear is also seen well in the specimens of M. (Tetraloj)h>) Arvei'- 

 nensis discovered in the iVrtesan near Dusino, and figured and de- 

 scribed by Sismonda % ; while the transverse discs of the Eppel- 

 sheim species are more or less apparent throughout Kaup's Illustra- 

 tions, and more especially in figs. 4 & 5 of pi. 16, figs. 1, 2, 3, & 5 

 of pi, 19, and figs. 2 & 6 of pi. 21 of his work above quoted. 



Of the other true molars, i. e. the antepenultimate and penultimate, 

 various specimens, more or less perfect, have been yielded by the 

 Crag. Several existed in Mr. Robert Fitch's interesting collection 

 at Norwich when I examined it in 1846, and probably a considerable 

 addition has been made to it since. Two of these are figured in the 

 ' British Fossil Mammaha' (pp. 280, 281). Fig. 98 is described 

 by Professor Owen as the penultimate upper. The anterior portion 

 is broken off; what remains of the crown shows four ridges and 

 a talon. But for the position assigned to it by so able and practised a 

 palaeontologist, the figure would convey the impression of its being a 

 lower instead of an upper molar, from the narrowness of the crown in 

 comparison with the width, and from the form of the hind talon. 

 Fig. 99 represents a corresponding penultimate lower molar, also 

 from Mr. Fitch's collection. Both teeth — the one of which has the 

 crown represented in plan, the other in profile — show in a strongly 

 marked manner the characteristic alternation of the mammillae, 

 which is never seen in the corresponding molars of the Eppelsheim 



* Joiim. Asiat. Society of Beng. vol. v. p. 294. 

 t Oss. Fossiles, 4to edit. torn. i. p. 259. 



I Osteograph. di un Mastodonte augustidente, tab. 1. figs. 2, 3 (Mem. R. Accad. 

 Sc. Torino, ser. 2. vol. xii.). 



