334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [April 8, 



had an opportunity of examining at Paris, the remains of part of 

 the alveolus of a vertical j)remolar were distinctly visible above the 

 penultimate milk-molar ; and jM. Lauriliard informed me that he 

 had seen the germ of this premolar, the tooth "A" above referred 

 to being the one in question, i. e. the penultimate premolar. The 

 last premolar, which is the vertical successor of the last milk-molar, 

 has not as yet been observed in situ, so far as I have had the means 

 of ascertaining. 



No premolars of the Crag Mastodon, from English localities, have 

 either been figured or described in the * British Fossil Mammalia,' 

 or elsewhere, up to the present time. This is of little moment, in 

 so far as the mere identification of the species is concerned. Pre- 

 molar specimens may probably be found either in Mr. Fitch's * or 

 in some other of the Norfolk collections. 



Milk-7nolars. — Of the milk-series it is not necessary on the pre- 

 sent occasion to enter on many details. I will refer only to one or 

 two characteristic specimens. The most perfect and instructive yet 

 met with was discovered in the Crag at Postwick by Mr. A¥igham, 

 to whom I was indebted for the means of comparing it carefully with 

 a corresponding specimen of M. (Tetraloph.^ longirostris from 

 Eppelsheim, belonging to the Earl of Enniskillen. It consists of 

 the left upper jaw of a calf Crag Mastodon, with the last milk-molar 

 beautifully preserved in situ, and the remains of the empty alveolus 

 of the penultimate milk-molar in front of it. The tooth is stated, 

 in Sir Charles Ly ell's memoir on the " Relative Ages of the Ter- 

 tiary Deposits of Norfolk f," to be the *' second true molar." But 

 it is really the last milk-molar. He adds : — " This fragment was 

 sufficiently perfect to enable Mr. Owen, to whom I submitted it, 

 to refer it to Mastodon longirostris, a species also found at Eppel- 

 sheim." The crov.n measures 3 inches long by 1'8 inch broad, 

 and is composed of four ridges, with a front and hind talon, and 

 a well-pronounced basal " bourrelet." The three anterior ridges 

 are more or less worn, especially along the inner division ; the last 

 ridge is nearly intact. Two views of this tooth, drawn with the 

 utmost care by an artist of well-known power and fidelity, Mr. 

 George Ford, are shown in the 'Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' pi. ^Q. 

 f. 7 & 7^. The ridges are seen to be connected by one or two stout 

 conical mammillae, which occupy tlie middle of the valleys, inter- 

 rupting their transverse continuity, and alternating with the divisions 

 of the main ridges, in the manner characteristic of the older or true 

 molars previously described. If these figures are compared with 

 figs. 6 <& G** of the same work, by the same artist, which represent 

 Lord Enniskillen's very beautiful specimen of the young calf Mastodon 

 from Eppelsheim, the distinctive characters of the two species will be 

 found to be carried on throughout. The Eppelsheim specimen is a 

 little younger than the Crag fragment ; it shows the series of three 

 milk-molars in situ. The third milk-molar is nearly intact ; the 



* The specimen referred to by Mr. Fitch, as cited in the * British Fossil Mam- 

 malia,' p. 290, is not a premolar of the Crag Mastodon, 

 t Mag. of Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 318» 



